Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Meta AnalysisA systematic review and meta-analysis of medications for stimulant use disorders in patients with co-occurring opioid use disorders.
Stimulant (cocaine and/or methamphetamine) use has increased among people with opioid use disorder. We conducted a systematic review of medications for stimulant use disorders in this population. ⋯ Co-occurring stimulant/opioid use disorder is an important problem for targeting future research. Medication trials for methamphetamine use disorder are lacking in this population. Most of the medications studied for cocaine use were ineffective, although psychostimulants warrant further study.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Aug 2019
Meta AnalysisLongitudinal associations between use and co-use of cigars and cigarettes: A pooled analysis of three adolescent cohorts.
Patterns of adolescent tobacco product use are evolving rapidly and need examination. We assessed whether ever use of cigars (i.e., lifetime use) was related to an increased risk of subsequent cigarette initiation and dual use of cigars and cigarettes. ⋯ Comprehensive tobacco regulations and early prevention efforts focused on reducing youth appeal of cigars may be warranted, as cigar use may place youth at risk for subsequent cigarette use as well as dual use of cigars and cigarettes.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Aug 2015
Meta AnalysisRegional gray matter deficits in alcohol dependence: A meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies.
Many studies have revealed a widespread pattern of gray matter (GM) atrophy by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies involving the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence. However, the spatial localization of GM abnormalities reported in previous studies is heterogeneous. Here, we aimed to investigate the concurrence across VBM studies to help clarify the structural abnormalities underpinning this condition. ⋯ By conducting the first comprehensive meta-analysis of VBM studies, we identified consistent regional GM atrophy particularly within several neurofunctional networks associated with alcohol dependence. Our study demonstrated a characteristic pattern of GM abnormalities and provided further insights into understanding the underlying nature of alcohol dependence.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Apr 2015
Review Meta AnalysisTestosterone suppression in opioid users: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Whether used for pain management or recreation, opioids have a number of adverse effects including hormonal imbalances. These imbalances have been reported to primarily involve testosterone and affect both males and females to the point of interfering with successful treatment and recovery. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the extent that opioids affect testosterone levels in both men and women, which may be relevant to improved treatment outcomes for opioid dependence and for pain management. ⋯ Our findings demonstrated that testosterone level is suppressed in men with regular opioid use regardless of opioid type. We found that opioids affect testosterone levels differently in men than women. This suggests that opioids, including methadone, may have different endocrine disruption mechanisms in men and women, which should be considered when treating opioid dependence.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Mar 2014
Review Meta AnalysisDoes urine drug abuse screening help for managing patients? A systematic review.
In the field of addiction, assessment of psychoactive substance use is a key element. Nevertheless, self-reports and clinical examination underestimate the use of psychoactive substances. The implementation of urine drug screening tests (UDS) should improve this assessment. While the diagnostic value of UDS is well demonstrated, the consequences of carrying out UDS on medical management have not been established. Our aim was to summarize the evidence pertaining to the efficacy of UDS for medical management. ⋯ Few studies, with poor quality, have assessed the value of UDS in managing patients using psychoactive substances; though with insufficiency to demonstrate the interest of carrying out UDS. Therefore, pragmatic intervention studies are necessary.