Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Dec 2020
Community engagement to implement evidence-based practices in the HEALing communities study.
The implementation of evidence-based practices to reduce opioid overdose deaths within communities remains suboptimal. Community engagement can improve the uptake and sustainability of evidence-based practices. The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to reduce opioid overdose deaths through the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention, a community-engaged, data-driven planning process that will be implemented in 67 communities across four states. ⋯ HCS will show how community engagement can support the implementation of evidence-based practices for addressing the opioid crisis in highly impacted communities. Findings from this study have the potential to provide communities across the country with an evidence-based approach to address their local opioid crisis; advance community engaged research; and contribute to the implementation, sustainability, and adoption of evidence-based practices.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Meta AnalysisA systematic review and meta-analysis of medications for stimulant use disorders in patients with co-occurring opioid use disorders.
Stimulant (cocaine and/or methamphetamine) use has increased among people with opioid use disorder. We conducted a systematic review of medications for stimulant use disorders in this population. ⋯ Co-occurring stimulant/opioid use disorder is an important problem for targeting future research. Medication trials for methamphetamine use disorder are lacking in this population. Most of the medications studied for cocaine use were ineffective, although psychostimulants warrant further study.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Prospective associations of e-cigarette use with cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical prescription drug use among US adolescents.
As e-cigarette use continues to increase in the U.S., research is needed to understand its prospective risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in young adulthood, including alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical prescription drugs (NMPDs). ⋯ This study suggests that e-cigarette use may be an indicator of future substance use risk in young adulthood. Adolescent e-cigarette users may benefit from secondary prevention efforts to mitigate this risk.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Predictors of marijuana vaping onset and escalation among young adults.
Little is known about factors that influence marijuana vaping among young people. We examined cigarette, e-cigarette and marijuana use experiences, social network characteristics and exposure to direct e-cigarette marketing as predictors of marijuana vaping initiation and escalation. ⋯ Dual use of cigarette and e-cigarette and greater presence in social networks of marijuana users and people who frequent vape shops appear to be robust predictors of marijuana vaping onset and escalation among young adults. In addition to promoting e-cigarette use prevention/cessation, efforts to control marijuana vaping may need to consider promoting smoking prevention/cessation and the effects of increasing prevalence of marijuana use.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Young adult e-cigarette use: A latent class analysis of device and flavor use, 2018-2019.
The myriad of e-cigarette devices and flavors used by young adults (YAs) complicates identification of the particular e-cigarette products that are associated with more frequent tobacco use and merit consideration for regulation. The current study used latent class analysis to identify distinct patterns of e-cigarette device and flavor use and evaluate their association with vaping and smoking frequency. ⋯ Although YAs that predominately used pod devices alongside non-tobacco flavors were most common, YAs characterized by a proclivity toward using many different devices and flavors were appreciably prevalent and smoked and vaped more frequently. Regulations targeting a wide spectrum of vaping products may be optimal in protecting YA health.