The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialPrediction of lefamulin epithelial lining fluid penetration after intravenous and oral administration using Phase 1 data and population pharmacokinetics methods.
Lefamulin is a semi-synthetic intravenous and oral pleuromutilin antibiotic with activity against pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Using data from two Phase 1 studies, a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model for lefamulin in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) was constructed. ⋯ The final PPK model allowed precise characterization of plasma and ELF exposures after intravenous and oral administration. The high ELF penetration ratio suggests that the penetration of lefamulin into the effect site is rapid and extensive, irrespective of route of administration.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jul 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA randomized clinical trial comparing ritonavir-boosted lopinavir versus raltegravir each with tenofovir plus emtricitabine for post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection.
The objective of this study was to assess post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) non-completion at day 28, comparing two regimens. ⋯ Although we found no differences between arms regarding PEP non-completion, poor adherence and adverse events were significantly higher in patients allocated to tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine plus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir. These data support the use of raltegravir as the preferred third drug in current PEP recommendations.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialRandomized non-inferiority trial to compare trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus rifampicin versus linezolid for the treatment of MRSA infection.
The therapeutic arsenal for MRSA infections is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the non-inferiority of a combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus rifampicin versus linezolid alone for the treatment of MRSA infection. ⋯ Compared with linezolid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin seems to be non-inferior in the treatment of MRSA infection.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jul 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialComparison of oral amoxicillin given thrice or twice daily to children between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial.
Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice daily is the first-line therapy for non-severe childhood pneumonia. Compliance could be enhanced if two daily doses are employed. We assessed the equivalence of oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice or twice daily in those patients. ⋯ Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) twice daily is as efficacious as thrice daily.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEffect of clarithromycin in patients with suspected Gram-negative sepsis: results of a randomized controlled trial.
A previous randomized study showed that clarithromycin decreases the risk of death due to ventilator-associated pneumonia and shortens the time until infection resolution. The efficacy of clarithromycin was tested in a larger population with sepsis. ⋯ Intravenous clarithromycin did not affect overall mortality; however, administration shortened the time to resolution of infection and decreased the hospitalization costs.