Addictive behaviors
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Addictive behaviors · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyNicotine dependence, psychological distress and personality traits as possible predictors of smoking cessation. Results of a double-blind study with nicotine patch.
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is an effective treatment for smokers who want to quit, however, the rates of successful quitting can be improved even more. In this context, nicotine dependence (assessed via the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire, FTQ), psychological distress (measured via the Symptom Rating Test, SRT), and personality traits (evaluated via the Adult Eysenck Personality Inventory, AEPI) were evaluated as possible predictors of smoking cessation. ⋯ Nicotine dependence, neuroticism, psychoticism and, over time, psychological distress were the main factors influencing the long-term outcome (i.e., up to 12 months) of smoking cessation under NRT.
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Addictive behaviors · Feb 2008
Multicenter StudySociodemographic and smoking-related psychosocial predictors of smoking behavior change among high school smokers.
The purpose of the study was to explore whether sociodemographic characteristics and baseline psychosocial factors were related to short-term smoking cessation and reduction, after controlling for the effects of participating in a virtual world, Internet chat room intervention. Results indicate that smoking-related psychosocial factors are important predictors of adolescent smoking cessation and reduction, independent of the effects of participating in the intervention. Self-efficacy for quitting, social support, and perceived benefits of quitting was related to positive short-term changes in smoking behavior.
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Addictive behaviors · Apr 2007
Multicenter StudyThe need for substance abuse after-care: longitudinal analysis of Oxford House.
There is a need to explore the processes of social support and self-efficacy change over time among individuals in recovery homes, and to assess the extent to which residents remain abstinent, obtain and maintain employment, refrain from criminal activity, and utilize health care systems both while within the and after leaving such settings. ⋯ Results suggest that receiving abstinence support, guidance, and information from recovery home members committed to the goal of long-term sobriety may enhance residents' abstinence self-efficacy and enable persons recovering from alcohol and other drug addiction to reduce the probability of a relapse.
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Addictive behaviors · Oct 2006
Multicenter StudySubstance abuse amplifies the risk for violence in schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
The factors responsible for the association between schizophrenia and violence with or without co-occurring substance abuse have not been fully elucidated. The present study had two aims: (1) ascertain whether substance abuse augments the risk for violence in patients with schizophrenia; and, (2) determine whether violence is differentially related to positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. ⋯ In addition, patients with a history of criminal offenses and substance use disorder were more likely to exhibit violent behavior. Based on the results of this study, it is feasible to identify individual with schizophrenic spectrum disorder who are at high risk for violence.
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Addictive behaviors · Feb 2006
Multicenter StudyNicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and diagnosis in emergency department patients who smoke.
To assess the effect of diagnosis on motivation to quit in adult smokers in an emergency department (ED). ⋯ Adult ED smokers exhibit mild-moderate levels of nicotine addiction and interest in quitting. ED-based tobacco control should target all smokers.