Addictive behaviors
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Addictive behaviors · Jul 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialChanges in puffing topography and subjective effects over a 2-week period in e-cigarette naïve smokers: Effects of device type and nicotine concentrations.
This study aimed to document changes in puffing topography and, the effects of device type and nicotine concentration on puffing topography, subjective effects and smoking behaviour over two weeks of e-cigarette (EC) use. ⋯ Cigalikes and tanks were both effective for reducing craving, withdrawal symptoms and CPD although for the former, this may only be achieved through more frequent puffing. That the Tank18 yielded greater satisfaction suggests tank devices and higher nicotine concentrations may be more suitable in the early stage of a smoking cessation attempt.
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Addictive behaviors · Jan 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialPatterns of cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis use among adult smokers in primary care 2014-2015.
Poly-use of tobacco, cannabis, and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is an emerging problem in the general population. The current study investigated poly-use of these products and receipt of smoking cessation counseling in a primary care setting. ⋯ Providers should screen for co-use of cigarettes and other nicotine/cannabis products and consider co-use when delivering smoking cessation treatment and evaluating treatment outcomes. Development of guidelines to help facilitate provider training is needed.
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Addictive behaviors · Mar 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialTesting a brief motivational-interviewing educational commitment module for at-risk college drinkers: A randomized trial.
The goal of the present study was to test the drink and harm reduction effects of a novel educational commitment (EC) module as a complement to a standard brief MI protocol (i.e., the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students; BASICS, Dimeff, Baer, Kivlahan, & Marlatt, 1999). ⋯ The differential efficacy between the BASICS and BASICS+EC conditions compared to the Information condition reinforces the utility of in-person feedback modalities as more intensive indicated prevention strategies for at-risk college drinkers. The limited differential efficacy for BASICS+EC compared to BASICS suggests a brief MI module for the academic/vocational aspects of the student role is not associated with greater long-term drink and harm reduction. Future research should examine more intensive educational commitment modalities, the utility of on-going academic goal and action feedback, and mechanisms of differential efficacy across intervention groups.
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Addictive behaviors · Mar 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialConcurrent treatment of substance use disorders and PTSD using prolonged exposure: A randomized clinical trial in military veterans.
A substantial amount of individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) also meet criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prolonged Exposure (PE) is an effective, evidence-based treatment for PTSD, but there is limited data on its use among individuals with current alcohol or drug use disorders. This study evaluated the efficacy of an integrated treatment that incorporates PE (Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders Using Prolonged Exposure or COPE) among veterans. ⋯ This study is the first to report on the use of an integrated, exposure-based treatment for co-occurring SUD and PTSD in a veteran sample. The findings demonstrate that integrated, exposure-based treatments are feasible and effective for military veterans with SUD and PTSD. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
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Addictive behaviors · Nov 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialEngagement in online pain self-management improves pain in adults on medication-assisted behavioral treatment for opioid use disorders.
Persistent pain has been recognized as an important motivator that can lead individuals to misuse opioids. New approaches are needed to test pain treatments that can improve outcomes for people with persistent pain in medication-assisted behavioral treatment for opioid use disorder. This study piloted an online pain self-management program to explore acceptability and treatment effects. ⋯ Our results suggest the online pain self-management program content may be helpful for managing physical and emotional symptoms experienced by individuals with co-occurring pain and opioid use disorders. To improve online engagement, more support is necessary to assist with technology access and completion of online activities.