Addictive behaviors
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Addictive behaviors · Jul 2005
ReviewNeurobiochemical and clinical aspects of craving in alcohol addiction: a review.
Craving plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence and relapse. In this review we have tried to analyse how many contrasting theories have been formulated in order to clarify the concept of craving. ⋯ On the other hand comportamental and/or cognitive aspects could also play a role in the etiology of craving. The coexistence of many and often contrasting theories can indicate that different subtypes of patients could have different mechanisms at the basis of alcohol craving, suggesting that it could be advisable to personalize the anti-craving therapy.
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Addictive behaviors · Nov 2002
ReviewHarm reduction approaches to alcohol use: health promotion, prevention, and treatment.
Harm reduction approaches to alcohol problems have endured a controversial history in both the research literature and the popular media. Although several studies have demonstrated that controlled drinking is possible and that moderation-based treatments may be preferred over abstinence-only approaches, the public and institutional views of alcohol treatment still support zero-tolerance. After describing the problems with zero-tolerance and the benefits of moderate drinking, the research literature describing prevention and intervention approaches consistent with a harm reduction philosophy are presented. ⋯ Based on these findings, we discuss the importance of individualizing alcohol prevention and intervention to accommodate the preferences and needs of the targeted person or population. In recognizing the multifaceted nature of behavior change, harm reduction efforts seek to meet the individual where he or she is at and assist that person in the direction of positive behavior change, whether that change involves abstinence, moderate drinking, or the reduction of alcohol-related harm. The limitations of harm reduction and recommendations for future research are discussed.