The New England journal of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Reduction of HIV-1 RNA levels with therapy to suppress herpes simplex virus.
Epidemiologic data suggest that infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is associated with increased genital shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and HIV-1 transmissibility. ⋯ HSV suppressive therapy significantly reduces genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in dually infected women. This finding may have important implications for HIV control. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00158509 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
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RRM1, the regulatory subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, is involved in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and the response of non-small-cell lung cancer to treatment. ⋯ RRM1 and ERCC1 are determinants of survival after surgical treatment of early-stage, non-small-cell lung cancer.
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The Björnstad syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with sensorineural hearing loss and pili torti, is caused by mutation of a previously unidentified gene on chromosome 2q34-36. ⋯ BCS1L mutations cause disease phenotypes ranging from highly restricted pili torti and sensorineural hearing loss (the Björnstad syndrome) to profound multisystem organ failure (complex III deficiency and the GRACILE syndrome). All BCS1L mutations disrupted the assembly of mitochondrial respirasomes (the basic unit for respiration in human mitochondria), but the clinical expression of the mutations was correlated with the production of reactive oxygen species. Mutations that cause the Björnstad syndrome illustrate the exquisite sensitivity of ear and hair tissues to mitochondrial function, particularly to the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Long-acting beta-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids are used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their effect on survival is unknown. ⋯ The reduction in death from all causes among patients with COPD in the combination-therapy group did not reach the predetermined level of statistical significance. There were significant benefits in all other outcomes among these patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00268216 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).