The New England journal of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection.
The management of complex orthopedic infections usually includes a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotic agents. We investigated whether oral antibiotic therapy is noninferior to intravenous antibiotic therapy for this indication. ⋯ Oral antibiotic therapy was noninferior to intravenous antibiotic therapy when used during the first 6 weeks for complex orthopedic infection, as assessed by treatment failure at 1 year. (Funded by the National Institute for Health Research; OVIVA Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN91566927 .).
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Well-being requires the maintenance of energy stores, water, and sodium within permissive zones. The brain, as ringleader, orchestrates their homeostatic control. ⋯ When targeted to specific neurons, these tools make it possible to selectively map a neuron’s connections, measure its responses to various homeostatic challenges, and experimentally manipulate its activity. This review examines these approaches and then highlights how they are advancing, and in some cases profoundly changing, our understanding of energy, water, and salt homeostasis and the linked ingestive drives.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Intravenous Iron in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis.
Intravenous iron is a standard treatment for patients undergoing hemodialysis, but comparative data regarding clinically effective regimens are limited. ⋯ Among patients undergoing hemodialysis, a high-dose intravenous iron regimen administered proactively was superior to a low-dose regimen administered reactively and resulted in lower doses of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent being administered. (Funded by Kidney Research UK; PIVOTAL EudraCT number, 2013-002267-25 .).