Neuroscience
-
As a new means of brain neuroregulation and research, transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS) uses the coupling effect of ultrasound and a static magnetic field to regulate neural activity in the corresponding brain areas. Calcium ions can promote the secretion of neurotransmitters and play a key role in the transmission of neural signals in brain cognition. In this study, to explore the effects of TMAS on cognitive function and neural signaling in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, TMAS was applied to male 2-month-old C57 mice with a magnetic field strength of 0.3 T and ultrasound intensity of 2.6 W/cm2. ⋯ The experimental results showed that TMAS could improve cognitive function in mice, and the efficiency of neural signaling in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was significantly increased during stimulation and maintained for one week after stimulation. In addition, the neural signaling efficiency in the CA1 area of the hippocampus increased in the open field (OF) experiment and recovered after one week, the neural signaling efficiency in the new object exploration (NOE) experiment was significantly enhanced, and the intensity slowed after one week. In conclusion, TMAS enhances cognitive performance and promotes neural signaling in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus.
-
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of exosomal miR-219-5p derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). ⋯ miR-219-5p in BMSC-derived exosomes can repair the injured spinal cord. In addition, miR-219-5p alleviates ferroptosis in neuronal cells induced by SCI through the UBE2Z/NRF2 pathway.
-
The presubiculum is part of the parahippocampal cortex and plays a fundamental role for orientation in space. Many principal neurons of the presubiculum signal head direction, and show persistent firing when the head of an animal is oriented in a specific preferred direction. GABAergic neurons of the presubiculum control the timing, sensitivity and selectivity of head directional signals from the anterior thalamic nuclei. ⋯ Three groups emerged from the unsupervised cluster analysis of their electrophysiological properties. We demonstrate a frequency dependent recruitment of VIP cells by thalamic afferences and facilitating synaptic input dynamics. Our data provide initial insight into the contribution of VIP interneurons for the integration of thalamic head direction information in the presubiculum.
-
Both alcohol misuse and sleep deficiency are associated with deficits in semantic processing. However, alcohol misuse and sleep deficiency are frequently comorbid and their inter-related effects on semantic processing as well as the underlying neural mechanisms remain to be investigated. ⋯ Alcohol misuse may lead to reduced MFG activation while sleep deficiency hinder semantic processing by suppressing PCG activity in women. The pathway model underscores the influence of sleep quality and alcohol consumption severity on semantic processing in women, suggesting that sex differences in these effects need to be further investigated.