Neuroscience
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Determining the neural bases of basic linguistic composition is central to research on the cognitive neuroscience of language. The left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) is widely reported during linguistic composition of visual stimuli in magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies. However, this effect is less reported during the linguistic composition of auditory stimuli in intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) studies. ⋯ Participants were asked to read minimal two-word phrases in the composition condition and read words preceded by pound signs in the noncomposition condition. The results showed that high-gamma power in the LATL was higher in the composition condition compared to the noncomposition condition. These results provide more substantial evidence for the role of LATL in basic linguistic composition (at least in visual modality) and highlight the potential role of stimuli modality (visual vs. auditory) in the phrasal composition effect in LATL.
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The diagnosis and analysis of major depressive disorder (MDD) faces some intractable challenges such as dataset limitations and clinical variability. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) can reflect the fluctuation data of brain activity in a resting state, which can find the interrelationships, functional connections, and network characteristics among brain regions of the patients. In this paper, a brain functional connectivity matrix is constructed using Pearson correlation based on the characteristics of multi-site Rs-fMRI data and brain atlas, and an adaptive propagation operator graph convolutional network (APO-GCN) model is designed. ⋯ The experimental results on Rs-fMRI data from 1601 participants (830 MDD and 771 HC) and 16 sites of REST-meta-MDD project show that the APO-GCN achieved a classification accuracy of 91.8%, outperforming those of the state-of-the-art classifier methods. The classification process is driven by multiple significant brain regions, and our method further reveals functional connectivity abnormalities between these brain regions, which are important biomarkers of classification. It is worth noting that the brain regions identified by the classifier and the networks involved are consistent with existing research results, which suggest that the pathogenesis of depression may be related to dysfunction of multiple brain networks.
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This study explored surface brain morphometry in type 1 diabetes including focus on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Brain MRI was obtained from 56 individuals with diabetes (18 without DPN, 19 with painless DPN, 19 with painful DPN) and 20 healthy controls. Cortical thickness, sulcus depth, and gyrification were analysed globally and regionally in each group and in the combined diabetes group. ⋯ Cortical thinning manifested across the brain cortex in diabetes, especially for painful DPN. Altered postcentral gyrus morphometry may be associated with neuropathic pain. Assessing cortical morphometry may be critical for comprehending central neuropathy and the manifestation of painful DPN in diabetes.
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Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) & Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy-Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS) are two common pathologies of drug-resistant focal epilepsy (DRE). Inappropriate localization of the epileptogenic zones (EZs) in FCD is a significant contributing factor to the unsatisfactory surgical results observed in FCD cases. Currently, no molecular or cellular indicators are available which can aid in identifying the epileptogenic zones (EZs) in FCD. ⋯ These findings suggest that employing distinct lipid mass spectra could be an effective method for identifying the EZs in FCD. The unique lipid mass spectra of cortical tissues from patients with FCD can be utilized for real-time surgical guidance. Additionally, the plasma triglyceride (TAG) level has the potential to act as a biomarker once validated on a larger cohort.
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Media multitasking has become pervasive in our daily lives, yet its impact on cognitive abilities remains contentious, with more evidence supporting adverse effects (scattered attention hypothesis) than benefits (trained attention hypothesis). Recent studies have increasingly focused on the training effects of behavioral training on anticipatory brain functions, which involve cognitive and motor preparation before stimulus onset, assessed using event-related potentials (ERPs). This study investigated whether media multitasking enhances anticipatory brain functions and how task difficulty influences this relationship. ⋯ Our results suggest that HMM can flexibly adjust resource allocation based on task demands to maintain their response speed advantage. These findings suggest that LMM may possess a relatively steady acceleration/brake system, whereas HMM exhibit a more adaptable system capable of responding flexibly to diverse situations. Overall, these results underscore the training effects of media multitasking on anticipatory brain functions, supporting the trained attention hypothesis.