Medical education
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The current paper describes a model of learning that has been used to produce efficient learning, thus yielding greater retention of information and superior performance under stress. In this paper, the model is applied to the learning of technical skills. ⋯ The practical application of the CPF to simulation-based medical education and training is described. Firstly, a simple conceptual model that utilises three key elements to adjust the functional difficulty of the tasks to be learned is outlined. Secondly, a number of assessment strategies that may be necessary to ensure that the trainee remains in the optimal learning zone are proposed. Thirdly, a practical example is used to demonstrate how to utilise this conceptual model to design simulation environments suitable for teaching an endotracheal intubation task to beginners and more advanced trainees.