Spine
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A retrospective cohort comparison study. ⋯ 3.
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This study retrospectively analyzes prospectively collected data. ⋯ 3.
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A retrospective cohort study. ⋯ 3.
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Rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells or annulus fibrosus (AF) cells were stimulated with conditioned media of RAW 264.7 macrophages and vice versa under healthy culture conditions and in the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators. The gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, extracellular matrix (ECM)-modifying enzymes, and chemokines, which play important roles in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), was determined. ⋯ The biologic interactions between infiltrating macrophages and native disc cells under degenerated disc inflammatory environment lead to an increasingly severe inflammatory conditions, which may be a self-stimulated process from the macrophages infiltration occurrenceLevel of Evidence: 5.
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A prospective observational study. ⋯ 3.