Spine
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A literature review and synthesis were performed. ⋯ Intraspinal medication delivery has become an effective technique for control of intractable pain in appropriately selected patients seen by spine surgeons.
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Comparative Study
Biomechanical testing of posterior atlantoaxial fixation techniques.
An in vitro biomechanical study of C1-C2 posterior fusion techniques was conducted using a cadaveric model. ⋯ The results clearly indicate the screw-rod system's equivalence in reducing relative atlantoaxial motion in a severely destabilized upper cervical spine, as compared with the transarticular screw-wiring construct. These findings mirror the previously reported clinical results attained using this new screw-rod construct. Thus, the decision to use either screw construct should be based on safety considerations rather than acute stability.
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The literature and current research related to spinal pain mechanisms were reviewed, as well as animal models related to its study. ⋯ Areas of continued research are highlighted that may help guide the management of painful spine symptoms and syndromes.
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A literature review and synthesis were performed. ⋯ Some clinical or experimental support can be found in the literature for 10 specific mechanisms or proposed mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation.