Spine
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We used a severe contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) model and electrophysiologic, motor functional, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic examinations to analyze the neuroprotective effects of delayed granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. ⋯ Delayed G-CSF treatment at the subacute stage of severe contusive SCI promoted spinal cord preservation and improved functional outcomes. The mechanism of G-CSF's protection may be related in part to attenuating the infiltration of microglia and macrophages.
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Retrospective case series. ⋯ From 1999 to 2008, the number of orthopedic surgeon candidates performing spine surgery has increased. These surgeons are performing more fusions and utilizing more structural allografts, interbody devices, and/or anterior cervical plates. Regional variations also remain in the types of constructs utilized.
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Prospective clinical study developed at a tertiary teaching facility to test an adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the Scoliosis Research Society-30 (SRS-30) questionnaire. ⋯ The adapted Brazilian version of the SRS-30 questionnaire can be used to assess the outcome of treatment for Brazilian Portuguese-speaking patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
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Clinical Trial
Effects of epidural steroid injections on blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.
A prospective cohort study. ⋯ ESIs were noted to cause a significant increase in the blood glucose levels in diabetics. There was no correlation between preinjection diabetic control, represented by hA(1c) levels, and postinjection response. Diabetics who are candidates for ESI should be counseled that a blood glucose increase may be apparent post intervention, but effects should not last longer than approximately 2 days.