Spine
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Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses by the human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and tissues. ⋯ N/A.
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Retrospective study. ⋯ 3.
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This is a level IV retrospective descriptive study at a single institution. ⋯ 4.
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Secondary analysis of subjects in the control anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) arm of Medtronic Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) trials for cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). ⋯ 2.