Spine
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An ex vivo study of the rabbit's vertebral endplate. ⋯ The regulation of vascular buds and VEGF expression in the VEP represents one of the mechanisms of axial distraction and dynamic loading.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Retrospective study. ⋯ Bony failure with PJA of greater than 22° increased the likelihood for revision surgery. Therefore, early surgical intervention should be considered in these patients.Level of Evidence: 4.
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A retrospective study. ⋯ The incidence of distal AO was 23.1% in CMS patients after PSF. Patients with low Risser sign and LIV-LSTV ≤0 were high risk factors for distal AO.Level of Evidence: 3.
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Kinematics of the cervical spine was investigated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images combined with three dimensions to three dimensions (3D-3D) registration technology in patients after anterior odontoid screw fixation (AOSF) surgery. ⋯ Although AOSF surgery reduced the flexion-extension ROMs of all investigated spinal segments, additionally, it reduced twisting ROMs of C1-C2 and C1-C7, but only lateral bending ROM of C2-C3, when compared with the control group. The data implied that the AOSF surgery would result in different biomechanics changes in the atlantoaxial segment and caudal adjacent segment. Longer-term follow-up studies of larger patient cohorts are necessary to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients after the AOSF surgery.Level of Evidence: 3.
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Retrospective review. ⋯ Long surgical duration and high blood loss were strongly predicted by the newly developed SMII. The use of the SMII may aid in preoperative risk assessment with the goal of improving patient outcomes and quality of life.Level of Evidence: 4.