Spine
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This is a retrospective cohort study. ⋯ 4.
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Porcine intervertebral discs (IVDs) were excised and then drilled to simulate degeneration before being electrically stimulated for 21 days while undergoing mechanical loading. The discs were then analyzed for gene expression and morphology to assess regeneration. ⋯ The direct electrical stimulation application in NP of damaged IVDs can be a viable option to regenerate damaged NP and annulus fibrosus tissues.
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Numerical in-silico human spine stability finite element analysis. ⋯ This investigation demonstrated torso tissues exhibiting different roles toward static spine stability. The TLF appeared able to dissipate and absorb excessive loads, the muscles acted as antagonistic to external perturbations, and the IAP played a role limiting movement. Furthermore, the different combinations explored suggested an optimized engagement and coordination between different tissues to achieve a specific task, while minimizing individual work.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Controlled, randomized, animal study. ⋯ Melatonin alleviates radicular pain from LDH by inhibiting central sensitization via binding with its receptor 2, decreasing spinal CGRP, IB4, and NR2B expression.