Spine
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Retrospective cohort study. ⋯ Level III.
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Modified Delphi consensus study. ⋯ V-Expert opinion.
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Observational Study
Temporal Trends in the Epidemiology of Lower Back Pain in the United States.
This was an observational study. ⋯ Although there has been progress in reducing the impact of LBP in the United States, the Midwest region has greater rates for all measures compared with other US regions. Further, females and those aged 25 to 49 in the Midwest were more likely to be affected by LBP compared with counterparts in other regions. Future studies should identify specific factors contributing to elevated LBP rates in the Midwest in order to guide targeted interventions to reduce the incidence and burden of LBP there.