Spine
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A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. ⋯ 3.
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Retrospective study. ⋯ Level 3.
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Retrospective study. ⋯ Most patients presenting for a first diagnosis of isolated LBP went to the ED relative to urgent care. The greatest drivers of urgent care versus ED utilization for LBP were insurance type and geographic region. Utilization of advanced imaging was higher among ED patients, but rates of surgical intervention were similar between those seen in the ED and urgent care.
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Randomized double-blind controlled trial. ⋯ The addition of ketorolac to bupivacaine for wound infiltration after posterior lumbar spine decompression and fusion reduces early post-operative pain and total morphine consumption as compared to bupivacaine alone.
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A prospective multi-center cohort study. ⋯ II.