Spine
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Immunohistochemical and behavioral study using rat models of lumbar disc herniation and cauda equina syndrome. ⋯ Our findings suggest that activated p38 may play an important role in the involvement of microglia in the pathophysiology of pain following lumbar disc herniation and mechanical hypoalgesia, and motor nerve dysfunction of cauda equina following SCS.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Surgical or nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis? A randomized controlled trial.
A randomized controlled trial. ⋯ Although patients improved over the 2-year follow-up regardless of initial treatment, those undergoing decompressive surgery reported greater improvement regarding leg pain, back pain, and overall disability. The relative benefit of initial surgical treatment diminished over time, but outcomes of surgery remained favorable at 2 years. Longer follow-up is needed to determine if these differences persist.
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A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. ⋯ Harpagophytum procumbens, Salix alba, and Capsicum frutescens seem to reduce pain more than placebo. Additional trials testing these herbal medicines against standard treatments will clarify their equivalence in terms of efficacy. The quality of reporting in these trials was generally poor; thus, trialists should refer to the CONSORT statement in reporting clinical trials of herbal medicines.
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Comparative Study
Active lifestyle protects against incident low back pain in seniors: a population-based 2-year prospective study of 1387 Danish twins aged 70-100 years.
Prospective cohort study of twins. ⋯ Strenuous physical activity at least once a week is protective for incident LBP in seniors.