Spine
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Retrospective case series. ⋯ Despite the longer surgical time and a larger volume of estimated blood loss, multilevel decompression surgery showed similar improvement to that of single-level surgery in terms of recovery of PROs and frequency of revision surgery. Multilevel decompression surgery provides good clinical outcomes with acceptable complication and revision rates when selecting appropriate patient and spinal levels.
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Retrospective cohort. ⋯ 3.
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Prospective cohort study. ⋯ 3.
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Biomechanical cadaveric study. ⋯ The transforaminal endoscopic intracanal technique preserves the native ROM of lumbar vertebral segments and shows a trend toward relative biomechanical superiority over the inside-out technique and open decompression procedures.