International urology and nephrology
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A second transurethral resection (TUR) has been recommended by guidelines for high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, the impact of surgical quality and post-TUR intra-vesical instillation therapy on oncologic outcome still remains unclear for newly diagnosed NMIBC. We conducted a retrospective cohort study for the patients who underwent extensive TUR followed by appropriate intra-vesical therapy for newly diagnosed NMIBC to assess their oncological outcomes. ⋯ While the present study has several limitations, including single-arm and retrospective nature, a single but extensive TUR combined with adjuvant intravesical treatment may have acceptable oncological outcomes in NMIBC patients.
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To explore the association between bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and the risk of subsequent healthcare-seeking behavior for common mental disorders in Taiwan using a population-based administrative database. ⋯ Patients with BPS/IC are at risk of development of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. These findings can help guide urologists, urogynecologists, and psychiatrists toward early identification and treatment of psychological complications that may develop in BPS/IC patients.
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A number of studies have reported on decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after donation in Japanese living kidney donors. The purpose of the present study was to examine the clinicopathological factors associated with changes in GFR after donation in living kidney donors. ⋯ Donor age and pre-GFR at the time of nephrectomy were associated with decline in kidney function in living kidney donors after donation. Most of the donors developed stage 3 CKD within 3 years after donation but without subsequent progression, at least for several years.
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Comparative Study
Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and proinflammatory cytokines in pigs with septic versus non-septic acute kidney injury.
The aim of this study was to establish a composite pig model with sepsis and ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) and to investigate the differences in serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and proinflammatory cytokines in septic and non-septic AKI. ⋯ Septic AKI animals have higher serum NGAL compared with non-septic AKI animals. Monitoring the activities of TNF-α, NGAL and IL-6 would make great contributions in discovering sepsis and evaluating the severity of sepsis.
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Editorial Review
Sodium bicarbonate infusion for prevention of acute kidney injury: no evidence for superior benefit, but risk for harm?
The best "treatment" of acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevention. Patients who are at high risk of AKI should have an assessment of their volume status and receive appropriate volume expansion. The most effective type of intravenous fluid remains unclear. ⋯ Based on current literature, intravenous sodium bicarbonate does not seem to be more efficient than saline for the prevention of contrast-media-induced AKI, cardiac surgery-associated AKI, pigment nephropathy or septic AKI. However, some cohort studies or prospective randomized trials did track and report serious adverse events, such as higher rates of AKI or higher in-hospital mortality. At present, it should be concluded that the use of intravenous sodium bicarbonate administration to prevent AKI should be evaluated further in multicenter randomized double-blind trials rather than adopted into routine clinical practice.