Clinical therapeutics
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffects of granisetron in the treatment of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a dose-ranging study.
Patients undergoing general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy are at high risk for postoperative emetic symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and retching). Antihistamines, butyrophenones, dopamine receptor antagonists, and selective serotonin receptor antagonists (SSRAs) have been investigated for the prevention and treatment of emetic symptoms. However, these drugs are associated with undesirable adverse effects (AEs), such as excessive sedation, hypotension, dry mouth, dysphoria, hallucinations, and extrapyramidal signs. Granisetron hydrochloride is a newer SSRA developed for the prevention and treatment of cytotoxic drug-induced emetic symptoms, but its effects in postoperative laparoscopic cholecystectomy have not been studied. ⋯ Granisetron 20 microg/kg was the minimum effective dose for the treatment of established postoperative emetic symptoms in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Increasing the dose to 80 microg/kg provided no further benefit.
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialEvaluation of a low-dose lidocaine iontophoresis system for topical anesthesia in adults and children: a randomized, controlled trial.
Commonly used classes of topical anesthetics require 30 to 60 minutes to provide effective anesthesia. A new low-dose lidocaine iontophoresis system (LDLIS) may provide topical anesthesia in 10 minutes at a lower dose than previous systems, thereby limiting adverse events. ⋯ In this study of adults and children, the LDLIS provided effective topical anesthesia for venipuncture and venous cannulation within 10 minutes.
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialComparison of cizolirtine citrate and metamizol sodium in the treatment of adult acute renal colic: a randomized, double-blind, clinical pilot study.
Renal colic causes excruciating pain that provides a good clinical model of acute pain for the development of new analgesics. ⋯ Although this limited pilot study did not include an internal measure of sensitivity, relevant pain reduction was shown in the population of patients with suspected renal colic undergoing treatment with cizolirtine, suggesting the presence of analgesic activity. However, the efficacy of cizolirtine was found to be similar to that of metamizol. Treatments were well tolerated.
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Clinical therapeutics · Jul 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialOnset of analgesia and analgesic efficacy of tramadol/acetaminophen and codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen in acute postoperative pain: a single-center, single-dose, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group study in a dental surgery pain model.
The combination of tramadol and acetaminophen has demonstrated good efficacy in various clinical pain models. However, there is a need for comparisons of the onset of analgesia and other measures of analgesic efficacy with this combination and other strong combination analgesics for the management of acute pain. ⋯ In this small and selected group of subjects, the onset of analgesia and analgesic efficacy of Tr/Ac was comparable to that of Co/Ac/Ib. Tr/Ac provided rapid and effective analgesia for acute postoperative dental pain in this population.