Gene
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one type of the most common malignancies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the development of HCC remain unknown. To identify the candidate genes in the progression of HCC, gene expression profiles GSE14520, GSE54236, GSE57957 and GSE64041 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). ⋯ The expression levels of CYP2C8 in HCC samples and hepatoma cells were verified using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry analysis. In summary, DEGs and hub genes were identified in the present study, which provides novel insight on the development of HCC. CYP2C8 was downregulated in HCC and could be a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Influenza has a negative sense, single-stranded, and segmented RNA. In the context of pandemic influenza research, most studies have focused on variations in the surface proteins (Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase). However, new findings suggest that all internal and external proteins of influenza viruses can contribute in pandemic emergence, pathogenicity and increasing host range. ⋯ If sequences of all segments of one strain were available, the accuracy of discrimination of pandemic strains was 100%. General rules extracted by rule base classification approaches, such as M1-V147I, NP-N334H, NS1-V112I, and PB1-L364I, were able to detect pandemic sequences with high accuracy. We observed that mutations on internal proteins of influenza can contribute in distinguishing the pandemic viruses, similar to the external ones.
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Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis is an autosomal-recessive renal tubular disorder characterized by excessive urinary losses of magnesium and calcium, bilateral nephrocalcinosis and progressive chronic renal failure in childhood or adolescence. The disease is caused by mutations in the tight-junction proteins claudin-16 and claudin-19 that are encoded by the CLDN16 and CLDN19 genes, respectively. Patients with CLDN19 mutations also are affected with severe ocular abnormalities. ⋯ Functional studies showed that mutation c.388G > T also results in partial skipping of CLDN19 exon 2, which would imply significant alterations in the claudin-19 protein structure. Conversely, CLDN16 mutation c.602G > A had no effect on pre-mRNA splicing. Our study expands the genotypic classification of this rare disease and provides the first report of a CLDN19 mutation affecting splicing.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in global. The differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in CRC plasma of patients have the potential to serve as a diagnostic biomarker. We conducted a four-stage study to identify the potential plasma miRNAs for CRC detection. ⋯ Area under the ROC curve of the seven-miRNA signature was 0.762, 0.824 and 0.895 for the training, testing and the external validation stages, respectively. Additionally, miR-103a-3p, miR-127-3p, miR-17-5p and miR-18a-5p were discovered significantly up-regulated in CRC tissues; while miR-17-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-18a-5p and miR-18b-5p were significantly elevated in CRC plasma exosomes. In conclusion, we established a seven-miRNA signature in the peripheral plasma for CRC detection.
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In previous studies, dysregulated lncRNAs in colorectal cancer were screened using RNA-sequencing by Atsushi Yamada. In these dysregulated lncRNAs, a long non coding RNA named CA3-AS1 attracted our attention due to its high conservation and fold change, which was downregulated in colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of lncRNA CA3-AS1 in colorectal cancer. ⋯ Based on the investigation, lncRNA CA3-AS1 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis, which could be blocked by overexpression of miR-93. In summary, our study demonstrated that CA3-AS1/miR-93/PTEN axis may play an important role in the regulation of colorectal cancer progression, which provides new insights for clinical treatment.