Revista de neurologia
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To describe different types of motor activity and movement disorder which occur during sleep in relation to episodes of arousal and sleep disorder. ⋯ We review diagnostic, clinical and neurophysiological criteria and aspects of physiopathology and treatment.
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Revista de neurologia · Feb 2001
Review[Nemaline congenital myopathy:clinical features and histopathological findings in nine patients].
Nemaline myopathy is a type of congenital myopathy which presents with hypotonia, muscle weakness which is predominantly proximal, lax ligaments, areflexia and skeletal deformities. It is characterized by the presence of intrasarcolemal or intranuclear rods which can be seen with the red color optical microscope using the Gomori technique, and a defect in the Z line of the sarcomere, detected on electron microscopy (EM). ⋯ There are no clinical features which permit distinction from other forms of congenital myopathy, so muscle biopsy is necessary for diagnosis. There is great phenotype and prognostic variety in this disorder.
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To review the basic concepts and mechanisms of cerebral edema and to analyze current management of this complex clinical problem. ⋯ All patients with acute cerebral edema should be evaluated early and treated with therapy which will solve the underlying pathological problem. Good medical management of these patients is of vital importance to assure a satisfactory clinical outcome. Recently new, effective therapy has been evaluated which may substantially change current concepts of the treatment of patients with acute cerebral edema.
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To review current concepts regarding the management of severe closed head injury and determine the possible causes of brain damage in these patients. ⋯ All patients with closed head injuries should be evaluated and treated as emergencies, and admitted to a critical care unit to avoid secondary lesions such as hypoxemia, arterial hypotension and cerebral edema. Treatment should be aimed at maintenance of the intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion within normal limits and also maintenance satisfactory jugular saturation.
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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common problem in children. It is characterized by a partial airway obstruction associated with hypoxemia and hypoventilation rather than complete airway obstruction. ⋯ An overview of this pathology and the different polysomnographic parameters used are reported. Efforts to detect sleep apnea syndrome should be employed in children who present with the symptoms discussed. New guidelines for pediatric polysomnography should help standardize methods.