Revista de neurologia
-
Tension-type headache is an entity recognised by the International Headache Society in its International Headache Classification. The limits of this condition, however, are somewhat fuzzy and poorly defined, and its diagnostic criteria are a sort of negation of the symptoms of migraine. In this review we are especially interested in highlighting the diagnostic vagueness in patients with chronic tension-type headache. ⋯ Emphasis will be placed on the novel concept of chronic migraine which, today, can include these patients, and has not only diagnostic but also, and above all, therapeutic implications. Tension-type headache is a clinical syndrome that probably covers a series of entities with important aetiopathogenic differences from one to another and, perhaps sometime in the future, many patients who are now labelled as having been diagnosed with this condition will be classified further as having other better-defined diseases. In any case, although it might sound like a myth or just pie-in-the-sky, the tension-type headache is still needed to encompass these entities that are lacking any better-defined diagnoses.
-
Pediatric insomnia is an extrinsic sleep disorder subdivided into two categories: behavioral insomnia and insomnia related to medical, neurological, and psychiatric diseases. This review will cover several types of insomnia, comorbidities and specific pediatric therapies according to clinical characteristics and age. ⋯ Multiple night awakenings and diurnal hypersomnolence are strong indicators of insomnia due to medical conditions. Insomnia during adolescence and pediatric insomnia associated with psychiatric comorbidity, cognitive disabilities and epilepsy, will be discussed in terms of diagnosis, clinical features and implications for treatment.
-
Revista de neurologia · Nov 2013
Review[Therapeutic exercise as treatment for migraine and tension-type headaches: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials].
AIM. To analyse the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise on migraines and tension-type headaches (TTH). MATERIALS AND METHODS. ⋯ CONCLUSIONS. Results show that therapeutic exercise is a safe treatment that provides beneficial effects on migraines or TTH. Further RCT are required in the future with appropriate methodological designs to confirm these results.
-
The neurosciences have developed at a stunningly fast rate. Key points accounting for this progression include the introduction of functional neuroimaging techniques and the boost resulting from the Decade of the Brain project. This expansion has also allowed new disciplines such as neuroethics to appear. ⋯ Neuroethics is a discipline that, prior to the year 2002, was understood only as an ethics of neuroscience (a branch of bioethics). As of that date, however, it is also understood as a neuroscience of ethics (a new discipline). Neuroreductionism proposes that all ethical life has a basis in the brain that determines ethical actions; neuroscepticism holds that neuroscience cannot be considered a normative function; and neurocriticism considers that the neuroscientific advances cannot be ignored and must be taken into account in some way in order to draw up ethical theories.
-
Acute muscle weakness, a common disorder in pediatrics, can occur from impairment of any part of the motor unit, including the upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction or muscle. It usually manifests itself as an acute or hyperacute motor disorder of progressive or rapidly progressive course. Acute muscle weakness is a neuromuscular emergency, especially if it affects the respiratory or oropharyngeal musculature. ⋯ The onset, speed and clinical evolution, as well as other data from the patient's history, suggest the pathophysiological differential diagnosis. Successful treatment depends on the immediate and correct differential diagnosis. This paper presents the main differential diagnosis of main neuromuscular diseases that cause acute muscle weakness in children.