Revista de neurologia
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Revista de neurologia · Mar 2011
Review[Involvement of vesicular monoamine transporter in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].
A number of genetic and neuroimagen proofs support the idea that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present a neurobiological alteration. Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) are important proteins that regulate the intraneuronal monoamine concentration and disposition as this protein sequesters cytoplasmic dopamine within synaptic vesicles thus contributing to subsequent excitotoxic release. ⋯ Since dopamine and other monoamines (epinephrine and serotonine) play a role in ADHD, and methylphenidate, an usual treatment for this type of patients, modifies the VMAT2 activity, we may argue that VMAT2 is involved in ADHD pathogeny.
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Revista de neurologia · Mar 2010
Review Historical Article[Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose adults].
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (SE) is a term used to denote a range of conditions in which electrographic seizure activity is prolonged and results in nonconvulsive clinical symptoms. Nowadays, some experts on nonconvulsive SE have emphasized the utility on the clinical practice to consider the classification taking in account both the clinical setting and the severity of consciousness impairment, differentiating between ambulatory patients (from almost normal mental state to stupor) which includes absence SE and complex partial SE; and nonconvulsive SE in coma. ⋯ Nonconvulsive seizures and episodes of nonconvulsive SE in patients with severe impairment of consciousness are frequent and, therefore, continuous EEG monitoring is an essential neurophysiologic tool in the evaluation of comatose subjects. EEG interpretation in patients with nonconvulsive SE may be particularly difficult and problematic and, therefore, requires expert knowledge and a clinical and neurophysiologic specific training.
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Revista de neurologia · Feb 2010
Review[Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease: REM sleep behaviour disorder and restless legs syndrome].
It is well known that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases very commonly present sleep disorders, and that they possibly share common pathophysiological mechanisms with motor signs. ⋯ The impact that these conditions have on patients' quality of life makes it very important to know how to diagnose and treat them.
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Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome is a poorly known condition and thus rarely included in our differential diagnoses. First described by Amarenco in 1987. ⋯ The main symptom is neuropathic pain in the perineal area. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history, physical examination and the confirming neurophysiologic tests.
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Revista de neurologia · Jan 2010
Review[Pain in multiple sclerosis: prevalence, mechanisms, types and treatment].
Pain is a frequent symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), although its prevalence and its importance vary from one study to another. ⋯ Pain affects a high percentage of patients with MS, its pathophysiology is unknown and there are no specific treatments. We therefore recommend that further studies should be carried out to investigate the pain experienced by patients with MS.