AJR. American journal of roentgenology
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The purposes of this article are to briefly review the history of lung cancer screening, discuss the results and implications of the National Lung Screening Trial, and address some of the questions that remain since the publication of this landmark study. ⋯ Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and the world. The National Lung Screening Trial showed a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality among individuals at high risk undergoing low-dose CT. The findings opened the door for clinical lung cancer screening and publication of lung cancer screening guidelines. However, many questions remain, including whom to screen, how often, and for how long. Furthermore, costs and effects on the health care system remain unclear.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Mar 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialEvaluation of low-dose CT angiography with model-based iterative reconstruction after endovascular aneurysm repair of a thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysm.
The objective of our study was to evaluate image quality and overall adequacy of low-dose CT angiography (CTA) with model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) in patients who had undergone endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of a thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysm. ⋯ Low-dose CTA with MBIR enables up to 73% dose reduction as compared with CTA performed with ASIR while maintaining diagnostic adequacy for CTA surveillance of patients who have undergone EVAR of a thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysm.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Mar 2014
Indeterminate lung nodules in cancer patients: pretest probability of malignancy and the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT.
The purpose of this study was to determine likelihood of malignancy for indeterminate lung nodules identified on CT comparing two standardized models with (18)F-FDG PET/CT. ⋯ PET/CT improves stratification of cancer patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules. A substantial number of patients considered at low and intermediate pretest likelihood of malignancy with histology-proven lung malignancy showed abnormal PET/CT findings.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Mar 2014
Clinical TrialSafety and efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty and interventional tumor removal for metastatic spinal tumors and malignant vertebral compression fractures.
The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty and interventional tumor removal in the management of metastatic spinal tumors and malignant vertebral compression fractures. ⋯ Percutaneous vertebroplasty and interventional tumor removal are safe, effective, and minimally invasive palliative therapies for reducing pain and improving function in patients with metastatic spinal tumors and malignant vertebral compression fractures.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Mar 2014
Evaluation of tentorial length and angle in sleep-wake disturbances after mild traumatic brain injury.
The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between tentorial length and angle and sleep-wake disturbances in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ Among patients with mild TBI with similar cognitive function and symptom severity, those with sleep-wake disturbances have significantly longer tentorial length with a flatter angle than do patients with mild TBI without sleep symptoms, with length of time to recovery being directly correlated with tentorial length and indirectly correlated with tentorial angle. Direct impact between the tentorium and the pineal gland during mild TBI may lead to pineal gland injury, disruption of melatonin homeostasis, and sleep-wake disturbances.