AJR. American journal of roentgenology
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Mar 2014
Apparent diffusion coefficient for prostate cancer imaging: impact of B values.
The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of b values on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values estimated from 1.5-T diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) of the prostate acquired with an endorectal coil in distinguishing prostate cancer from normal-tissue regions of interest (ROIs) and the correlation of ADC values with the tumor Gleason score. ⋯ The choice of b values can significantly affect ADC estimates. ADC values can produce a similar discriminant performance in distinguishing prostate cancer from normal-tissue ROIs and in correlation with the Gleason score, but an appropriate ADC cutoff value needs to be selected specifically for each b-value combination.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Mar 2014
Evaluation of tentorial length and angle in sleep-wake disturbances after mild traumatic brain injury.
The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between tentorial length and angle and sleep-wake disturbances in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ Among patients with mild TBI with similar cognitive function and symptom severity, those with sleep-wake disturbances have significantly longer tentorial length with a flatter angle than do patients with mild TBI without sleep symptoms, with length of time to recovery being directly correlated with tentorial length and indirectly correlated with tentorial angle. Direct impact between the tentorium and the pineal gland during mild TBI may lead to pineal gland injury, disruption of melatonin homeostasis, and sleep-wake disturbances.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Mar 2014
Diffusion-tensor MRI at 3 T: differentiation of central gland prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia.
The purpose of this article is to retrospectively evaluate the utility of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 T in differentiating central gland prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). ⋯ DTI at 3 T is useful for distinguishing central gland cancers from BPH foci, with significantly different ADC and FA values. Furthermore, ADC showed greater diagnostic accuracy than FA in differentiating central gland cancers from stromal and glandular hyperplasia foci.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Mar 2014
Clinical TrialSafety and efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty and interventional tumor removal for metastatic spinal tumors and malignant vertebral compression fractures.
The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty and interventional tumor removal in the management of metastatic spinal tumors and malignant vertebral compression fractures. ⋯ Percutaneous vertebroplasty and interventional tumor removal are safe, effective, and minimally invasive palliative therapies for reducing pain and improving function in patients with metastatic spinal tumors and malignant vertebral compression fractures.
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The purposes of this article are to briefly review the history of lung cancer screening, discuss the results and implications of the National Lung Screening Trial, and address some of the questions that remain since the publication of this landmark study. ⋯ Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and the world. The National Lung Screening Trial showed a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality among individuals at high risk undergoing low-dose CT. The findings opened the door for clinical lung cancer screening and publication of lung cancer screening guidelines. However, many questions remain, including whom to screen, how often, and for how long. Furthermore, costs and effects on the health care system remain unclear.