The American journal of medicine
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Meta Analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials testing interventions to reduce physician burnout.
Physicians deal with intense professional pressures, which may contribute to increasing burnout. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce burnout in physicians, physicians-in-training, and other health care professionals. ⋯ Studies testing interventions to decrease physician burnout led to significant numerical improvements in some domains of burnout, but it is unlikely that these changes result in meaningful changes in clinical burnout. Further, the limited follow-up time, biased assessments, and heterogeneity in intervention efficacy suggest that a more nuanced understanding of the causes of burnout is needed to develop more effective interventions.
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Cardiovascular disease remains the leading worldwide cause of mortality. There has been increased awareness of the impact of psychological health on cardiovascular disease. In particular, major depression has been linked to increased all-cause mortality, development of cardiovascular disease, and worse outcomes in those with existing cardiovascular disease. ⋯ Depression has a significant negative impact on development of cardiovascular disease and on cardiovascular disease outcomes. Further efforts to understand and mitigate these impacts are prudent.
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People who smoke conventional cigarettes are increasingly turning to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a pathway to quitting. However, the efficacy and safety of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation remains controversial. ⋯ Among individuals attempting to quit smoking, nicotine e-cigarettes are more efficacious than conventional nicotine replacement or behavioral smoking cessation therapies, and may prove beneficial in reducing smoking-related health risks.
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The aim of this study was to determine the impact of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor use on incident sepsis and other severe infections. ⋯ There was neither a beneficial nor a harmful association between PCSK9 inhibitors and risk of sepsis or severe infections. These findings provide reassurance regarding the safety of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients who are concerned about potential drug side effects related to infections.
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Influenza can cause a significant burden on patients with coronary artery disease. This meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary artery disease. ⋯ Influenza vaccine is a cheap and effective intervention to reduce the risk for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, major acute cardiovascular events, and acute coronary syndrome among coronary artery disease patients, especially in those with acute coronary syndrome.