Neurosurgery
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In vitro characterization of a targeted, dye-loaded nanodevice for intraoperative tumor delineation.
To synthesize and complete in vitro characterization of a novel, tumor-targeted nanodevice for visible intraoperative delineation of brain tumors. ⋯ F3-targeted dye-loaded NPs efficiently cause definitive color change in glioma cells. This report represents the first use of targeted NPs to cause a visible color change in tumor cell lines. Similar nanodevices may be used in the future to enable visible intraoperative tumor delineation during tumor resection.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Perioperative fever and outcome in surgical patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
We examined the incidence of perioperative fever and its relationship to outcome among patients enrolled in the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial. ⋯ These findings suggest that fever is associated with worsened outcome in surgical subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, although, because the association between fever and the primary outcome measure for the trial is dependent on the covariates used in the analysis (particularly operative events and delayed ischemic neurological deficits), we cannot rule out the possibility that fever is a marker for other events. Only a formal trial of fever treatment or prevention can address this issue.
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Modulation of the nervous system by electrical or chemical means (neuromodulation) is becoming increasingly sophisticated, with application to a growing number of neurological diseases. However, both chemical and electrical neuromodulation are limited in their specificity. ⋯ Activation or inhibition of specific neuronal populations with different wavelengths of light opens up possibilities for modulating neural circuits with previously unimagined levels of precision. We briefly review this new technology, illustrating its advantages and potential applications.
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Comparative Study
Endonasal versus supraorbital keyhole removal of craniopharyngiomas and tuberculum sellae meningiomas.
Endonasal and supraorbital "eyebrow" craniotomies are increasingly being used to remove craniopharyngiomas and tuberculum sellae meningiomas. Herein, we assess the relative advantages, disadvantages, and selection criteria of these 2 keyhole approaches. ⋯ The endonasal route is preferred for removal of most retrochiasmal craniopharyngiomas, whereas the supraorbital route is recommended for meningiomas larger than 30 to 35 mm or with growth beyond the supraclinoid carotid arteries. For smaller midline tumors, either approach can be used, depending on surgeon experience and tumor anatomy. Compared with traditional craniotomies, the major limitation of both approaches is a narrow surgical corridor. The endonasal approach has the added challenges of restricted lateral suprasellar access, a greater need for endoscopy, and a more demanding cranial base repair.
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With the growing volume of aneurysms treated with endovascular methods and the unavoidable risks of incomplete coiling or recurrence, the volume of coiled aneurysms requiring surgical management is growing. We present a consecutive surgical experience with previously coiled aneurysms to examine clinical trends, the phenomenon of coil extrusion, microsurgical techniques, and morphological features affecting clippability. ⋯ This study demonstrated a sharp increase in the incidence of coiled aneurysms requiring surgery, reflecting the increasing numbers of patients opting for endovascular therapy initially. Coil extrusion occurs more often than expected, is often misdiagnosed on angiography as simply compaction, and seems to be a time-dependent process not seen acutely. Direct clipping is the preferred microsurgical treatment of coiled aneurysms and may be predicted by the relationship between coil width and compaction height (C/H < 2.5, or a wedge angle < 90 degrees). We recommend a bypass strategy for unclippable coiled aneurysms because it can be executed methodically; has predictable ischemia times; and is associated with more favorable results than thrombectomy, coil extraction, and clip reconstruction.