Evaluation & the health professions
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The declining number of physician scientists is an alarming issue. A systematic review of all existing programs described in the literature was performed, so as to highlight which programs may serve as the best models for the training of successful physician scientists. Multiple databases were searched, and 1,294 articles related to physician scientist training were identified. ⋯ Additionally, graduates from the Mayo Clinic's MD-PhD Program, the CI Program, and the NSRA Program had 18.2 ± 20.1, 26.5 ± 24.5, and 17.9 ± 26.3 publications, respectively. MSTP is a successful model for the training of physician scientists in the United States, but training at the postgraduate level also shows promising outcomes. An increase in the number of positions available for training at the postgraduate level should be considered.
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The declining number of physician scientists is an alarming issue. A systematic review of all existing programs described in the literature was performed, so as to highlight which programs may serve as the best models for the training of successful physician scientists. Multiple databases were searched, and 1,294 articles related to physician scientist training were identified. ⋯ Additionally, graduates from the Mayo Clinic's MD-PhD Program, the CI Program, and the NSRA Program had 18.2 ± 20.1, 26.5 ± 24.5, and 17.9 ± 26.3 publications, respectively. MSTP is a successful model for the training of physician scientists in the United States, but training at the postgraduate level also shows promising outcomes. An increase in the number of positions available for training at the postgraduate level should be considered.
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Adverse events within health care settings can lead to two victims. The first victim is the patient and family and the second victim is the involved health care professional. The latter is the focus of this review. ⋯ The second victim phenomenon has a significant impact on clinicians, colleagues, and subsequent patients. Because of this broad impact it is important to offer support for second victims. When an adverse event occurs, it is critical that support networks are in place to protect both the patient and involved health care providers.
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Despite the wide availability of statistical programs designed to deal with longitudinal data from a multilevel perspective, many applied researchers remain unfamiliar with the benefits of this methodology, particularly for the evaluation of interventions. The authors present an example of multilevel modeling as part of the analysis of evaluation data from an HIV intervention study. ⋯ Multilevel analysis results are compared and contrasted with typical approaches through general linear models for repeated-measures data. Analyses are presented using the SPSS and HLM 5 software.
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The volatility in the U. S. health care system due to unprecedented changes in its organization, financing, and delivery, coupled with a growing physician surplus in certain areas, suggests the need for a research agenda to investigate the impact of these forces on the educational programs of medical schools. This article discusses the potential impact of trends in the health care environment on the following key aspects of undergraduate medical education: admissions, faculty, curriculum, and educational outcomes. A representative set of research questions intended to stimulate inquiry and guide empirical studies in each of the four domains is proposed.