Orthopedics
-
This study analyzed 14 patients with 17 broken intramedullary nails for the treatment of femoral fractures. Average distance from the fracture site was 7.9 cm in cases in which nail breakage occurred at the junction between the cylindrical and cloverleaf portions and 6.4 cm in cases in which nail breakage occurred at the screw hole. ⋯ Nonunion or delayed union is the main cause of nail breakage. Exchange nailing with bone grafting is a safe and effective method of treatment for a broken intramedullary nail with nonunion.
-
Preoperative classification of proximal humeral fractures in addition to thorough knowledge of the specific anatomy and vascular blood supply is more important for successful treatment than the choice of implant. If reduction and fixation is necessary, aggressive reduction maneuvers can compromise humeral head perfusion with subsequent humeral head necrosis regardless of the implant used. Modern implants such as intramedullary proximal humeral nails and anatomically designed proximal humeral angular stable plates offer high primary stability even in osteoporotic bone with preservation of periosteal blood supply to the humeral head. ⋯ Minimally invasive, percutaneous techniques also demonstrate favorable results comparable to those mentioned above, although mean patient age tends to be younger in these studies and complications requiring reoperation tend to be more pronounced in elderly patients due to poor bone quality. Alternatively, nonoperative treatment of displaced two- and three-part fractures in elderly patients with severe morbidity and high perioperative risks should be considered. In elderly patients with selected displaced four-part fractures or fracture dislocations and head-split fractures, hemiarthroplasty offers high subjective patient satisfaction despite moderate function with most of the patients being pain free.