Irish journal of medical science
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Overweight and obesity epidemic is still expanding, and it is affecting women of childbearing age. Multiple studies have shown unmatched results concerning the effect of body mass index (BMI) besides gestational weight gain (GWG) on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. This study aims to determine the effect of each of the two anthropometric indicators: pre-gestational BMI and gestational weight gain on the course of pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes. ⋯ Both extremes of BMI and GWG are linked to adverse neonatal outcomes. This highlights the importance of weight monitoring even during pregnancy to prevent its negative impact on neonates.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects the processing of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. In T2DM, metabolic dysregulation occurs through various pathways caused by increased levels of many adipokines and inflammatory chemokines. Impaired insulin-glucose metabolism occurs in tissues. The proteolytic enzyme matriptase is thought to be closely related to glucose metabolism due to its glycolization sites. ⋯ Our study is the first to report elevated levels of matriptase in individuals with newly diagnosed T2DM and/or metabolic syndrome. Additionally, we found a significant positive correlation between matriptase levels and metabolic and inflammatory parameters, indicating a potential role for matriptase in the pathogenesis of T2DM and glucose metabolism. Further research on matriptase could lead to its recognition as a novel target for investigation.
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Headache represents a significant proportion of disability globally in general practice, neurology outpatient settings, and emergency departments. There is scant literature regarding the impact of headache on healthcare services in Ireland. ⋯ Primary headache disorders have a large impact on hospital services. Diagnostic uncertainty is common; neuroimaging is relied upon. Appropriate care pathways, education, and resource allocation should be prioritized.
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Review Meta Analysis
Prophylactic administration of metformin reduces gestational diabetes mellitus incidence in the high-risk populations: a meta-analysis : Metformin for gestational diabetes prevention.
Metformin exerts a good efficacy for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment by regulating gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance, while no consensus about its preventive effect on GDM is reached yet. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively investigate the prophylactic administration of metformin in pregnant women at high risk of GDM. Databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, CQVIP) were searched to screen papers concerning the GDM prevention using metformin in women at high risk of GDM (polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obese, and pregestational insulin resistance patients) until January 2023. ⋯ Egger's test implied that no publication bias existed in the findings. Moreover, sensitivity analysis suggested the pleasing robustness of the results. In conclusion, prophylactic metformin reduces GDM incidence in high-risk pregnant women, indicating its early-application benefits.
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Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a progressive necrotizing retinitis caused by viral infection. Optimal management strategies have not been established for this detrimental disease. Previous literature published suggests that Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1) are the most common promoters of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). ⋯ Our review found increased incidence of CMV-positive ARN. Patients with zone 1 disease had worse initial visual acuity. Moreover, patients had more favorable outcomes with V2T and V9B compared to V1T. CMV-positive patients clinically worsened after intravitreal steroid injections, further underscoring the value of a PCR diagnosis to tailor the patients' treatment plan accordingly.