Irish journal of medical science
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To assess clinical efficacy and safety of liraglutide combined with metformin (LMT) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (ODP) by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). ⋯ This review will offer insights for future research and provide reference for LMT treatment for ODP.
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We present key information from international registries in relation to primary total hip arthroplasty. The specific questions of interest include which bearings are superior in total hip arthroplasty (THA), which fixation types are optimal, do any specific implants perform better than others, and what is the latest update in the hip fracture setting? This is a comprehensive review of the major English-speaking hip arthroplasty registries across the globe. Key trends and developments in implant performance are identified and presented in the current article. Key points from review of all registries confirm that ceramic-on-polyethylene and metal-on-polyethylene continue to be the commonest bearings. ⋯ Dual mobility (DM) bearings are increasing in use and show higher early revision rates than unipolar bearings-they tend to be used for more complex indications (fracture/tumor/revision) and show similar revision rates to unipolar bearings when used exclusively in primary elective THA for osteoarthritis. We present current trends in THA based on current registry data from across the globe. Clinical signals of concern are emerging for THA uncemented femoral stem fixation and DM bearings in specific clinical contexts. These signals should be monitored across the literature in order to reduce the overall revision burden.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that affects millions of individuals around the world and for which there are few effective therapies. Dementia is characterized by the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which is followed by neurotoxicity, which results in memory loss and mortality. ⋯ As the disease-modifying drugs are most effective in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, biomarkers for early detection of disease and their development are crucial. This review discusses the diagnostic utility, benefits, and limitations of traditional techniques such as neuroimaging, cognitive testing, positron emission tomography, and biomarkers, as well as the novel techniques such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, immunotherapy, and blood test approaches for early detection, understanding, and treatment of AD.
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Review Case Reports
This infant is having a stroke: an illustrative case report.
Paediatric stroke is a rare event, and timely intervention is required to minimise long-term disability, reduced quality of life and financial implications. Although reperfusion strategies such as thrombolysis and thrombectomy are now well established in the adult population, and paediatric consensus guidelines allow for reperfusion therapies in children, access is currently limited due to diagnostic delays. This challenge is partly due to the rarity of presentation, infrastructure and public awareness to support early diagnosis as exists in the adult setting. We use an illustrative case and literature to describe an achieved case of paediatric stroke within an Irish setting. ⋯ Paediatric stroke care should be available to all children presenting with acute stroke symptoms; however, the rarity of the diagnosis would suggest a national strategy will be required to provide equitable care at a national level.
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The aim of this retrospective review was to analyse the frequency of patients presenting with flashes and/or floaters (F/F) on bright versus dark days to the eye emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital (the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital) over a 3-year period. The diagnostic and clinical outcomes of F/F presentations were also analysed. ⋯ This study established that F/F presentations were more likely to present during bright days when compared with dark days. The diagnosis of PVD was more common during bright days, and RDs were diagnosed significantly more frequently on dark days. Although incident solar radiation was correlated with greater floaters/PVD presentation, causation is unlikely, and the duration of PVD may have been longer in patients presenting on bright days (i.e. pseudo-sudden symptoms).