Irish journal of medical science
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Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of adult obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Appropriate techniques for assessment of childhood adiposity are required to identify children at risk. The aim of this review was to examine core clinical measurements and more technical tools to assess paediatric adiposity. ⋯ The core clinical measurements of weight, height, BMI and circumferences are sufficient to enable diagnosis of paediatric overweight and obesity while more technical tools provide further insight.
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Treatment of dental, craniofacial and orthopedic defects with bone graft substitutes has shown promising result achieving almost complete bone regeneration depending on product resorption similar to human bone's physicochemical and crystallographic characteristics. Among these, non-ceramic and ceramic hydroxyapatite being the main inorganic salt of bone is the most studied calcium phosphate material in clinical practices ever since 1970s and non-ceramic since 1985. Its "chemical similarity" with the mineralized phase of biologic bone makes it unique. ⋯ The need for bone graft material keeps on increasing with increased age of the population and the increased conditions of trauma. Recent advances in genetic engineering and doping techniques have made it possible to use non-ceramic hydroxyapatite in larger non-ceramic crystals and cluster forms as a successful bone graft substitute to treat various types of bone defects. In this paper we have mentioned some recently studied properties of hydroxyapatite and its various uses through a brief review of the literatures available to date.
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In 2013, the Department of Health released their policy paper on hospital financing entitled Money Follows the Patient. A fundamental building block for the proposed financing model is patient level costing. ⋯ The benefits of patient level costing need to be promoted and a commitment to investment in overcoming the challenges is required.
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Cervical cancer recurrence in episiotomy scars after vaginal deliveries is a rather rare event. ⋯ Clinicians should be aware about the importance of carefully examining not only the cervix at the time of labor, but also the episiotomy scar in women following a pregnancy complicated by cervical cancer.
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Methods of teaching and assessment in medical schools have transformed over the recent past. Accreditation of medical schools through national licensing bodies and removal of bias at examinations is the norm. This review is intended to inform senior doctors who are peripherally involved in training at speciality or general professional level. ⋯ Examining the performance of examiners as well as that of students is a necessary part of good examination practice. The World Federation for Medical Education with the World Health Organisation has developed nine standards with two categories of basic and quality for the accreditation of medical education.