Irish journal of medical science
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Analysis of the results of treatment of localised prostate cancer with radiation and surgery has identified patients who are at high risk of developing metastatic dissemination. High histologic grade, serum prostate specific antigen above 20 ng/ml, extension beyond the capsule of the prostate, and involvement of lymph nodes are highly predictive of metastatic risk. Antiandrogen therapy has high rates of activity in the treatment of overt metastatic disease prompting its assessment as an adjuvant treatment added to radiation therapy. ⋯ The current evidence indicates that a large survival benefit ensues when antiandrogen therapy is added to radiation for appropriately selected patients. This adjuvant approach is likely to become the standard of care. Strategies for further enhancement of adjuvant therapy are discussed.
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To our knowledge, only a few epidemiological reports on the prevalence of hepatitis E antibodies in Saudi blood donors have been published. Men of several nationalities, donating blood at King Khalid National Guard Hospital (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) were selected (n = 593) for this study examining the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the local male donor population and testing the relationship of the antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) to donor characteristics using Odds Ratio (OR) and Chi-square statistic. The prevalence of anti-HEV in the group examined was 16.9 per cent (100/593). ⋯ Donors who were 40 yr and over had significantly higher seroprevalence than those donors who were 30 yr or younger (OR = 2.5, p = 0.006). There was a significant association between anti-HEV and anti-HCV with donors who were positive to anti-HCV having about 5 times the risk of HEV than those who were anti-HCV negative (p = 0.02). These findings demonstrate the high seroprevalence rate of anti-HEV among male blood donors in Saudi Arabia.
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Review Case Reports
Perianal hidradenoma papilliferum occurring in a male: a case report.
Hidradenoma papilliferum is a rare apocrine gland tumour, described only once previously in a male. We present the second such case.
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Bacterial infection is the most common cause of the adult respiratory distress syndrome which, in turn is associated with endothelial capillary permeability and alveolar oedema. Previously, we have demonstrated the direct cytotoxicity of the bacterial toxins Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (Exo A) and Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on pulmonary endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Exo A and LPS on pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro. ⋯ LPS did not injure RAEC's. Pretreatment of RAEC with db-cAMP (1 mM) attenuated Exo A induced cytotoxicity. We conclude that (1) Exo A directly injures epithelial lung cells and may contribute to lung injury in cases of bacterial infection; (2) db-cAMP protects alveolar epithelial cells against Exo A-induced cytotoxicity and (3) alveolar epithelial cells in this model are resistant to LPS induced injury.