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Review
[SGLT2 inhibitors - A novel treatment for congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease].
SGLT2 inhibitors increase renal excretion of sodium and glucose by blocking the SGLT2 transporters in the proximal tubule. Not only do they lower blood sugars levels but also have positive effects on blood pressure and weight. They lead to more efficient energy metabolism in the heart and kidneys, increase the production of red blood cells and decrease fibrosis and inflammation in the heart and the kidneys. ⋯ SGLT2 inhibitors are shown to decrease risk of chronic kidney disease stage 5 and dialysis, death due of cardiovascular events and doubling of serum creatinine in patients with chronic kidney disease both with and without diabetes type 2. They are now recommended for treatment of heart failure and chronic kidney disease with the highest evidence grade. SGLT2 inhibitors do not increase risk of hypoglycemia or acute kidney injury but do have a serious uncommon adverse effect that are normoglycemic ketoacidosis and Fournier's gangrene that physicians need to be alert to.