Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Jun 2019
ReviewThe role of PD-1/PD-L1 axis and macrophage in the progression and treatment of cancer.
During the past decades, PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade has become a remarkable promising therapy which has exerted durable anti-tumor effect and long-term remissions on part of cancers. However, there are still some patients which do not show good response to the PD-1/PD-L1 targeted monotherapy. Till now, the widely accepted anti-tumor mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is rejuvenating T cells, there is lack of studies which focus on other components of the tumor environment in the treatment of cancer with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, especially the complicated relationship between macrophages and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway during the progression and treatment of cancer. ⋯ The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and macrophage-targeted therapy will exert synergetic anti-tumor effect and shape the future of cancer immunology and immunotherapy.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Jun 2019
Case ReportsImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and myocarditis: a systematic review of reported cases.
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of certain types of cancers has revolutionized cancer therapy. In general, these novel agents are more tolerable and have better safety profiles than conventional chemotherapy agents. Although a low incidence of myocarditis was noted as a side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials, it is being increasingly cited in the literature as their use also increases. ⋯ Most cases and fatalities of myocarditis occurred shortly after initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Arrhythmias, particularly complete heart block, appear to be related to the occurrence of more severe and fatal cases. The use of serial electrocardiograms or biomarkers of myocardial injury may be crucial in detecting early stages of the disease process. Further research establishing more specific guidelines is necessary in dealing with this potentially fatal side effect.