Nutrition and cancer
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Nutrition and cancer · Jan 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialLycopene and soy isoflavones in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Dietary intake of lycopene and soy has been associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. In vitro studies with lycopene and genistein, a soy isoflavone, have shown induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth in androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC3 and VeCaP) prostate cancer cell lines. In a previous Phase II clinical trial in prostate cancer patients, we observed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) stabilization with soy isoflavone intake. ⋯ The data suggest that lycopene and soy isoflavones have activity in prostate cancer patients with PSA relapse disease and may delay progression of both hormone-refractory and hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. However, there may not be an additive effect between the 2 compounds when taken together. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the efficacy of lycopene and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer as well as the mechanism of potential negative interaction between them.
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Nutrition and cancer · Jan 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic n-3 fatty acids from fish oil and preferential Cox-2 inhibition on systemic syndromes in patients with advanced lung cancer.
Under the common denomination of Systemic Immune-Metabolic Syndrome (SIMS), we grouped many symptoms that share a similar pathophysiologic background. SIMS is the result of the dysfunctional interaction of tumor cells, stroma cells, and the immune system, leading to the release of cytokines and other systemic mediators such as eicosanoids. SIMS includes systemic syndromes such as paraneoplastic hemopathies, hypercalcemia, coagulopathies, fatigue, weakness, cachexia, chronic nausea, anorexia, and early satiety among others. ⋯ The addition of celecoxib improved the control of the acute phase protein response, total body weight, and muscle strength. Additionally, the consistent nutritional support used in our patients could have helped to maximize the pharmacological effects of fish oil and/or celecoxib. This study shows that by modulating the eicosanoid metabolism using a combination of n-3 fatty acids and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, some of the signs and symptoms associated with a SIMS could be ameliorated.
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Nutrition and cancer · Jan 2007
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a primary tumor suppressive omega-3 fatty acid, inhibits growth of colorectal cancer independent of p53 mutational status.
Human colon carcinoma COLO 205, carrying wild type p53, grown subcutaneously in athymic mice was inhibited 80% by a high fat menhaden oil diet containing a mixture of omega-3 fatty acids compared to the low fat corn oil diet containing omega-6 fatty acids. Feeding a high fat diet of golden algae oil containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as the sole long chain omega-3 fatty acid resulted in 93% growth inhibition. Similar findings were previously reported for WiDr colon carcinoma containing mutated p53 (His237). ⋯ Cell cycle analysis revealed that DHA arrested cell cycle at Resting/Gap 1 (G0/G1 phase) in WiDr and at Gap 2/Mitosis (G2/M) phase in COLO 205. DHA induced apoptosis in COLO 205 but not in WiDr, and EPA did not induce apoptosis in either line. Taken together, these findings suggest DHA is the primary tumor suppressive omega-3 fatty acid in vivo and in vitro and inhibits cancer growth by p53 dependent and independent pathways, while the marginal inhibition by EPA is p53 independent.