Nutrition and cancer
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Nutrition and cancer · Jan 2011
A tomato lycopene complex protects the kidney from cisplatin-induced injury via affecting oxidative stress as well as Bax, Bcl-2, and HSPs expression.
Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is related to an increase in oxidative stress in the kidney. Lycopene, a carotenoid found in tomatoes, is a potent dietary antioxidant. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the tomato lycopene complex against cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and nephrotoxicity in rats. ⋯ The expression of Bcl-2 was higher in tomato lycopene complex/cisplatin-treated rats than in the cisplatin-injected rats (P < 0.05). The expression of renal HSP60 and HSP70 was significantly lower in tomato lycopene complex + cisplatin-treated rats than in rats treated with cisplatin alone (P < 0.001). These results suggest that tomato lycopene complex has protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats.
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Nutrition and cancer · Jan 2011
Prognostic significance of body mass index in Asian patients with localized renal cell carcinoma.
We investigated the prognostic value of BMI (body mass index) in Asian patients with RCC (renal cell carcinoma). We evaluated 170 Asian patients who underwent surgery for localized RCC (pathologic T1-4 tumors in the absence of nodal or distant metastases) between 1996 and 2004 at our institution. Patients were stratified by BMI: 22 or less vs. greater than 22. ⋯ Of other relevant factors including gender, mode of presentation, ECOG performance status, C-reactive protein, histological type, Fuhrman nuclear grade, microvascular invasion, pathological stage, and adjuvant cytokine therapy, smaller BMI remained an independent predictor for worse CSS (44.5 mo vs. 56.0 mo, P = 0.041, HR = 10.99) and RFS (43.0 mo vs. 55.0 mo, P = 0.03, HR = 2.653), but not for OS (overall survival) (46.0 mo vs. 55.5 mo, P = 0.13, HR = 2.217) on multivariate analysis. Our findings identify increasing BMI in the Asian population as an independent predictor for favorable CSS and RFS in patients with RCC treated by surgery. Further studies, including a multiinstitutional, prospective Asian cohort, are required to confirm these findings.
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Nutrition and cancer · Jan 2011
Impact of consumption of vegetable, fruit, grain, and high glycemic index foods on aggressive prostate cancer risk.
Prostate cancer is a common but complex disease, and distinguishing modifiable risk factors such as diet for more aggressive disease is extremely important. Previous work has detected intriguing associations between vegetable, fruit, and grains and more aggressive prostate cancer, although these remain somewhat unclear. Here we further investigate such potential relationships with a case-control study of 982 men (470 more aggressive prostate cancer cases and 512 control subjects). ⋯ Conversely, increased consumption of high glycemic index foods were positively associated with risk of aggressive disease (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.57; P trend = 0.02). These results were driven by a number of specific foods within the food groups. Our findings support the hypothesis that diets high in vegetables and low in high glycemic index foods decrease risk of aggressive prostate cancer.
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Nutrition and cancer · Jan 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyDose response of retinol and isotretinoin in the prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer recurrence.
Using data from a randomized, double blind, study of the efficacy of retinol or isotretinoin vs. placebo on recurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in high-risk subjects, a reanalysis of the original intent to treat analysis was performed in a dose-response format. Cox proportional hazards models describe the relationship between dose quartiles of isotretinoin and retinol use and time to first occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in crude and adjusted models. Neither the isotretinoin nor retinol models showed any significance at any quartile for reduction in first BCC or SCC occurrence. ⋯ For isotretinoin and SCC, HRs for the first quartile were as follows: HR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.35-4.19 crude; HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.87-3.31 adjusted. Test for trend was not significant in any of the models. These analyses confirm the results of the original intent to treat analyses and raise an interesting question related to the potential for increased risk for patients in the first quartile of retinol dose.
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Nutrition and cancer · Jan 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyChanges in body weight and metabolic indexes in overweight breast cancer survivors enrolled in a randomized trial of low-fat vs. reduced carbohydrate diets.
Overweight status is common among women breast cancer survivors and places them at greater risk for metabolic disorders, cardiovascular morbidity, and breast cancer recurrence than nonoverweight survivors. Efforts to promote weight control in this population are needed. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet counseling on weight loss, body composition, and changes in metabolic indexes in overweight postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. ⋯ All subjects demonstrated improvements in total/HDL cholesterol ratio, and significant reductions in HbA1c, insulin, and HOMA. Triglycerides levels were significantly reduced only in the low-carbohydrate diet group (-31.1 ± 36.6; P = 0.01). Significant improvements in weight and metabolic indexes can be demonstrated among overweight breast cancer survivors adherent to either a carbohydrate- or fat-restricted diet.