Clinical science
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We hypothesized that cytokine production following delayed in vitro cell stimulation (to reproduce physiological cellular status at baseline) may be related to outcome in patients with septic shock. A total of 20 patients were included in a prospective clinical study, conducted in a medico-surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. Blood samples were obtained at the onset of septic shock; these were treated to retain the cells, but to wash out autologous plasma (containing potential inflammatory stimuli such as cytokines, bacterial products and drugs) and replace it with foetal calf serum. ⋯ Levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 were significantly higher (P<0.05) when cell stimulation was delayed for 16 h, indicating a functional down-regulation of cells during septic shock. Moreover, TNF-alpha responses obtained with high-dose lipopolysaccharide were significantly greater in cells from patients who subsequently survived septic shock (n=13; median value 1392 pg/ml; range 592-2048 pg/ml) than in cells from non-survivors (n=7; median value 708 pg/ml; range 520-1344 pg/ml). These observations support the existence of individual differences in the inflammatory response that could influence patient outcome following septic shock.