Journal of affective disorders
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The hopelessness theory of depression posits that individuals with negative cognitive styles are at an increased risk for depression following negative life events. In neuroimaging studies, brain gray matter volume abnormalities correlate with the presence of depressive disorders. However, it is unknown whether changes in gray matter volume also appear in healthy individuals with cognitive vulnerability to depression (CVD). ⋯ Reductions in brain gray matter volume exist widely in individuals with CVD. In addition, there exist similar abnormalities in gray matter volume in both CVD subjects and MDD patients. Reductions of gray matter volume in the left precentral gyrus might be correlated to the negative cognitive styles, as well as an increased risk for depression.
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We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in subjects with predominantly melancholic or non-melancholic depressive symptoms (DS) in a population-based study evaluating the efficacy of the Finnish diabetes prevention program (FIN-D2D). ⋯ Compared to subjects without DS and those with melancholic DS, persons with non-melancholic DS may more frequently suffer from MetS.
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Uncontrollable stress is frequently accompanied by a primarily opioid-mediated stress analgesia. In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exaggerated stress-induced analgesia to trauma reminders was proposed. The present study investigated whether enhanced analgesia occurs in response to a trauma-unrelated cognitive stressor in PTSD. ⋯ These findings show enhanced stress reactivity and accompanying reduced pain perception in PTSD-patients in contrast to traumatized participants without PTSD. The results suggest that the previously reported enhanced analgesic response after trauma-related stress in PTSD transfers to trauma-unrelated stressors.
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Little is known about whether cognitive/affective depressive symptoms or somatic/affective depressive symptoms are associated with inflammation in heart failure (HF), or that the relation is confounded with disease severity. ⋯ Baseline cognitive/affective depressive symptoms were prospectively associated with sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 in HF patients, while change in somatic/affective depressive symptoms was associated with sTNFR2, independent from clinical and demographic covariates. Further studies are warranted to replicate these findings and to examine the association between depression dimensions, inflammation and prognosis in HF.
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Estimates of the prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt, and risks for new-onset suicidality, among HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals are not widely available in the era of modern combined antiretroviral treatment (cART). ⋯ High rates of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt, and the relationship of past report with current depressed mood, suggest that mood disruption is still prevalent in HIV. Findings emphasize the importance of properly diagnosing and treating psychiatric comorbidities among HIV persons in the cART era.