The Journal of infection
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The Journal of infection · Apr 2015
Multicenter StudyXpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a prospective, multi-centre evaluation.
Following endorsement by the World Health Organisation, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay has been widely incorporated into algorithms for the diagnosis of adult tuberculosis (TB). However, data on its performance in children remain scarce. This prospective, multi-centre study evaluated the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in children. ⋯ Xpert MTB/RIF provided timely results with moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity compared to culture. Low yields in children with highly probable and probable TB remain problematic.
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The Journal of infection · Mar 2015
Multicenter Study Observational StudyResistance patterns and outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia. Validation of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification of multidrug resistant organisms.
Bacterial resistance has become a major public health problem. ⋯ Patients who developed ICUAP due to MDRO showed a higher ICU-mortality than non-MDRO ones and use of ICU resources. No microbiological confirmation patients had more often antibiotic consumption than culture positive patients. Risk factors for MDRO may be important for the selection of initial antimicrobial therapy, in addition to local epidemiology.
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The Journal of infection · Feb 2015
Multicenter StudyExploratory trial of ombitasvir and ABT-450/r with or without ribavirin for HCV genotype 1, 2, and 3 infection.
To examine the safety and efficacy of ombitasvir and ABT-450 with ritonavir (ABT-450/r) ± ribavirin (RBV) in treatment-naïve, non-cirrhotic adults with chronic HCV genotype 1-3 infection. ⋯ In this study, ombitasvir and ABT-450/r ± RBV regimens were generally well-tolerated. Sustained virologic response was achieved in most patients with HCV genotype 1 or 2 infection, but low SVR rates were observed in HCV genotype 3-infected patients.
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The Journal of infection · Sep 2014
Multicenter StudyAspergillus in the lower respiratory tract of immunocompetent critically ill patients.
To shed light on the meaning of Aspergillus-positive lower-respiratory-tract samples in non immunocompromized critically ill patients. ⋯ In critically ill immunocompetent patients, risk factors for presence of Aspergillus in lower respiratory tract specimens are steroid therapy (either chronic or initiated in the ICU), ARDS, and high severity of the acute illness. Prospective studies are warranted to further examine these risk factors and to investigate immune functions as well as the impact of antifungal therapy on patient outcomes.
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The Journal of infection · Mar 2012
Multicenter StudyCorticosteroid therapy in patients with primary viral pneumonia due to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza.
During the first pandemic, some patients with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza were treated with corticosteroids. The objective of this study was to assess the effect on survival of corticosteroid therapy in patients with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. ⋯ Corticosteroid therapy in a selected group of patients with primary viral pneumonia due to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza does not improve survival.