International journal of biological macromolecules
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Int. J. Biol. Macromol. · Dec 2020
ReviewApplication prospect of polysaccharides in the development of anti-novel coronavirus drugs and vaccines.
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it has spread rapidly worldwide and poses a great threat to public health. This is the third serious coronavirus outbreak in <20 years, following SARS in 2002-2003 and MERS in 2012. So far, there are almost no specific clinically effective drugs and vaccines available for COVID-19. ⋯ In particular, the application prospects of polysaccharide-based vaccine adjuvants, nanomaterials and drug delivery systems in the fight against novel coronavirus were also analyzed and summarized. Additionally, we speculate the possible mechanisms of polysaccharides anti-SARS-CoV-2, and propose the strategy of loading S or N protein from coronavirus onto polysaccharide capped gold nanoparticles vaccine for COVID-19 treatment. This review may provide a new approach for the development of COVID-19 therapeutic agents and vaccines.
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Glycaemic response is not just a function of a compound belonging to the class of simple sugars or to the class of starches, or in other words, the size of the molecule. Glycaemic response to carbohydrates depends on several factors, particularly the chemical nature of the glucids, their origin, their mode of preparation, the physical form under which food is consumed, the presence of other nutrients (lipids, proteins) and fiber. ⋯ A recent mera-analysis of a dozen clinical trials has shown the utility of replacing high glycaemic index carbohydrates with low glycaemic index carbohydrates to improve different metabolic parameters in patient subgroups at risk (DDM, NIDDM, high triglyceride levels, etc.). In addition, this knowledge can eliminate the need to systematically forbid all sugars and sweet foods, and thus in an apparent paradox, to respect both food behavior and enjoyment alongside compliance with dietary advice.