Medical teacher
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An outcome-based approach to medical education compared to a process/content orientation is currently being discussed intensively. In this article, the process and outcome interrelationship in medical education is discussed, with specific emphasis on the relation to the definition of standards in basic medical education. Perceptions of outcome have always been an integrated element of curricular planning. ⋯ Moreover, curricula which favour reductionism by stating everything in terms of instrumental outcomes or competences, do face a risk of lowering quality and do become a prey for political interference. Standards based on outcome alone rise unclarified problems in relationship to licensure requirements of medical doctors. It is argued that the alleged dichotomy between process/content and outcome seems artificial, and that formulation of standards in medical education must follow a comprehensive line in curricular planning.
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Significant progress has been made with the move to outcome-based education (OBE) in medicine and learning outcomes are on today's agenda. Learning outcomes have been specified in a number of areas and frameworks or models for communicating and presenting learning outcomes have been described. OBE has, however, two requirements. ⋯ An OBE implementation inventory is described that allows schools to assess their level of adoption of an OBE approach in their institution. Schools can use this to rate their level of OBE adoption on a five point scale on nine dimensions - a statement of learning outcomes, communication with staff/students about the outcomes, the educational strategies adopted, the learning opportunities available, the course content, student progression through the course, assessment of students, the educational environment and student selection. A profile for OBE implementation can be prepared for the institution.
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Physicians have a scholarly role, including educating others, be it patients, colleagues or students. This led UMC Utrecht to organize a one-week obligatory teacher training course for senior medical students and a six-week elective teaching rotation. Students who complete both may receive a student teaching qualification. They must show didactic skill, have experience with teaching and learn about medical education topics. ⋯ The senior students appear to attain the objectives of the rotation and evaluate it positively. The coordinating teacher-supervisors and the younger students are all generally satisfied to very satisfied with the student teachers. The curriculum benefits from the advisory projects and most essays are so well written that a selection is published as a booklet presented for teachers. These graduates start their career with a teaching qualification.
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Comparative Study
High fidelity simulation can discriminate between novice and experienced residents when assessing competency in patient care.
High fidelity (HF) simulators have become more common in residency training programs. ⋯ HF simulation-based assessment using objective measures, particularly time to action, discerned our novice from our experienced residents.
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International Medical Graduates (IMGs) are a diverse group of doctors who provide essential health services in many western countries, and hospitals are increasingly relying upon IMGs to fill vacancies in all staff grades. Clinical skills and experience vary greatly between doctors, and orientation and clinical skills training is a way of addressing any identified deficiencies. ⋯ A 'hub and spoke' model is a useful model to adopt: a central coordinating office designs and implements programs informed by best available evidence, and clinical educators on site at healthcare facilities implement programs and provide direct assistance and orientation. Broad-based programs attending to orientation, doctor's families' needs, communication skills and clinical skills training are required. Support from health administrators is essential.