Annals of emergency medicine
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To determine the scope and magnitude of patient and visitor aggression directed toward emergency department staff. ⋯ ED violence is a significant and under-reported problem at our medium-sized university teaching hospital. These data are useful in objectively quantifying the scope of violence in our institution, and they underscore the potential risk to emergency patients, visitors, and staff. There is an acute need for additional studies in other settings so that appropriate and cost-effective security recommendations can be formulated.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Correction of metabolic acidosis in experimental CPR: a comparative study of sodium bicarbonate, carbicarb, and dextrose.
Carbicarb, sodium bicarbonate, and 5% dextrose were compared for effects on resuscitability in a canine model of electromechanical dissociation after ventricular fibrillation. ⋯ In this model of cardiac arrest, carbicarb was not superior to sodium bicarbonate in the correction of metabolic acidosis during CPR.
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To examine current thrombolytic protocols in Oregon emergency departments with regard to variations in patient evaluation, inclusion and exclusion criteria, initiation of therapy, and available thrombolytic agents. ⋯ Thrombolytic protocols are highly variable in Oregon EDs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Preliminary evaluation of a prototype tube-valve-mask ventilator for emergency artificial ventilation.
The objective was to design a prototype tube-valve-mask ventilator that would permit relatively inexperienced operators to provide adequate emergency artificial ventilation, namely, adequate ventilatory volumes and a high oxygen and low carbon dioxide delivery. ⋯ In the hands of relatively inexperienced operators, mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask, and tube-valve-mask techniques provide adequate ventilation volumes to a mannikin. This was not the case with the bag-valve-mask systems (800 mL; P = .05 by t test). Of the systems that provide adequate ventilation volume, the tube-valve-mask appears, superior in that higher oxygen and lower carbon dioxide concentrations can also be obtained (P = .05 by paired t test).
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of two doses of endotracheal epinephrine in a cardiac arrest model.
The objective of this study was to measure plasma catecholamine levels and the cardiovascular response before and after endotracheal administration of epinephrine in a swine cardiac arrest model. ⋯ These data suggest that standard dosing of epinephrine through the endotracheal tube during arrest does not produce significant increases in plasma catecholamines or blood pressure. Epinephrine 0.1 mg/kg produces a significant increase in plasma epinephrine levels, but it is not sufficient to produce a significant change in blood pressure.