Annals of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Forced air speeds rewarming in accidental hypothermia.
To compare the rates of rewarming of forced-air and passive insulation as a treatment for accidental hypothermia. ⋯ Forced air accelerated the rate of rewarming without producing apparent complications in hypothermic patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of bupivacaine and lidocaine/bupivacaine for local anesthesia/digital nerve block.
We compared the efficacy, degree of discomfort, and time elapsed before anesthesia of digital block with a combination of 1% lidocaine/.25% bupivacaine and with .25% bupivacaine alone. ⋯ Bupivacaine .25% digital block induces anesthesia in the same period of time and with equivalent pain of injection as a 1:1 lidocaine 1%/bupivacaine .25% combination. It is not necessary to use lidocaine/bupivacaine in an attempt to achieve faster onset of local anesthesia.
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To determine the amount of change in pain severity, as measured by a visual analog scale, that constitutes a minimum clinically significant difference. ⋯ The minimum clinically significant change in patient pain severity measured with a 100-mm visual analog scale was 13 mm. Studies of pain experience that report less than a 13-mm change in pain severity, although statistically significant, may have no clinical importance.