Annals of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The utility of supplemental oxygen during emergency department procedural sedation with propofol: a randomized, controlled trial.
We determine whether supplemental oxygen reduces the incidence of hypoxia by 20% compared with breathing room air in adult study patients receiving propofol for emergency department procedural sedation. ⋯ Supplemental oxygen (3 L/minute) trended toward reducing hypoxia in adult study patients; however, the 10% difference observed was not statistically significant and was below our a priori 20% threshold. Blinded capnography frequently identified respiratory depression undetected by the treating physicians.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of ondansetron on the incidence of vomiting associated with ketamine sedation in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
We investigate the effect of ondansetron on the incidence of vomiting in children who receive intravenous (IV) ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department (ED). ⋯ IV ondansetron significantly reduces the incidence of vomiting associated with IV ketamine procedural sedation in children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The role of oral ondansetron in children with vomiting as a result of acute gastritis/gastroenteritis who have failed oral rehydration therapy: a randomized controlled trial.
We hypothesize that ondansetron will facilitate oral rehydration therapy in children with acute gastritis or acute gastroenteritis and mild to moderate dehydration who fail initial oral rehydration therapy. We hypothesize that subjects receiving ondansetron will tolerate oral rehydration and that a lower proportion will require intravenous hydration than subjects receiving placebo, with a clinically important difference of at least 30% when comparing 2 groups of patients presenting to the ED with acute gastritis/acute gastroenteritis. Secondarily, we hypothesize that subjects receiving ondansetron will have a lower proportion requiring admission, fewer episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, and fewer revisits. ⋯ In subjects with acute gastritis/acute gastroenteritis and mild to moderate dehydration who failed initial oral rehydration therapy, the proportion of children who received intravenous hydration was smaller in the ondansetron group than in the placebo group.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Warm lidocaine/tetracaine patch versus placebo before pediatric intravenous cannulation: a randomized controlled trial.
We compare the pain of intravenous (IV) cannulation in pediatric emergency department (ED) patients after applying a topical lidocaine/tetracaine patch versus placebo. We hypothesized that application of the active patch would reduce the pain of IV cannulation by at least 15 mm. ⋯ Application of a topical lidocaine/tetracaine patch resulted in a modest reduction in the pain of IV cannulation in pediatric ED patients and did not alter the rate of successful cannulations.