International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Sep 2011
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyEpidemiology of acute otitis media in children of Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common childhood diseases requiring antimicrobial prescription in pre-school children. This systematic review aimed to estimate the AOM incidence, bacterial etiology and use of resources in children aged <6 years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C). ⋯ Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae were the most frequent AOM bacterial pathogens, consistent with the international literature from other regions. Future studies on AOM incidence and health resources usage will help better define the impact of this disease.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Sep 2011
Comparative StudyValue of ultrasonography in diagnosis of pediatric vocal fold paralysis.
To investigate the appearance of the pediatric larynx on ultrasound images and the diagnostic potential of ultrasound in cases of pediatric vocal fold paralysis. ⋯ MGA and VAA are quantitative indicators of vocal fold immobility. Ultrasound is a reliable method of diagnosis of pediatric VFP. To diagnose VFP from an ultrasound image, the criteria are: (1) abnormal mobility (this was the most important and direct evidence), (2) hyperechoic air-column band of the glottic rima during phonation, (3) flaccid vocal fold and (4) asymmetry of the glottal structures.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Sep 2011
Microbiological profile with antibiotic sensitivity pattern of cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media among children.
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the most common cause of childhood hearing impairment in the developing countries and atticoantral type is associated with increased incidence of intracranial and extracranial complications. This study was undertaken to define the microbiology of atticoantral type of chronic otitis media and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern, thereby reducing the potential risks of complications. ⋯ Continuous and periodic evaluation of microbiological pattern and antibiotic sensitivity of cholesteatomatous CSOM is necessary to decrease the potential risks of complications by early institution of appropriate systemic and topical antibiotic alongside mastoid exploration. We believe that our data may contribute to an effective medical management of chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma. Since the most common organisms in our clinical set up being P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and S. aureus, which showed a percentage susceptibility of 100% to ceftazidime and vancomycin, thus making it an empirical antibiotic combination therapy of choice in the recent times.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Sep 2011
Review Case ReportsManagement of supraglottic dysgenesis presenting as laryngomalacia.
Laryngomalacia is a common source of stridor and can lead to significant upper airway obstruction and feeding disturbances in infants. We describe a unique case of supraglottic dysgenesis presenting as laryngomalacia featuring a prominent "s-shaped" epiglottis with both posterior edges fused to the right aryepiglottic fold/arytenoid complex. Although this anomaly is not accounted for in any of the current laryngomalacia classification schemes, modified laser supraglottoplasty was a satisfactory approach leading to successful decannulation. Laryngeal embryology and possible timing of the pathogenesis of this rare occurrence are reviewed as well.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Sep 2011
Comparative StudySubglottic stenosis: another challenge for intubation and potential mechanism of airway obstruction in Pierre Robin Sequence.
To determine the endotracheal tube (ETT) size and presence of subglottic narrowing in children less than 1 year old with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS). ⋯ Infants with PRS may have a higher incidence of subglottic stenosis and require a smaller ETT compared to the normal population. This pilot study warrants a larger prospective investigation to validate these findings.