Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEight-year change in body mass index and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease among healthy non-smoking men.
To determine how change in BMI over 8 years is associated with risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) among middle aged men. ⋯ A higher BMI and a rising BMI were both associated with an increased risk of CVD, however an increasing BMI did not add prognostic information once current BMI was considered. In contrast, a declining BMI was associated with an increased risk of CVD independent of current BMI.
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Recent studies promisingly indicate that adiponectin plays an important and fundamental role in the development and progression of metabolic and atherosclerosis disorders. Smoking is known as one of the most important risk factors of atherosclerosis, and its relation with metabolic disorders has also been reported. We therefore investigated the association between cigarette smoking and adiponectin concentration in a large sample of Japanese men and women. ⋯ We not only revealed that current smoking habit was associated with low adiponectin level but also found a dose-dependent association between smoking intensity and adiponectin level in current smokers. The present finding may provide further evidence of the importance of a causal relationship between smoking status and adiponectin concentrations.
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Children's physical activity (PA) has been studied extensively, but little information is available on those with disabilities. We sought to examine the PA of children with disabilities during physical education (PE) and recess while simultaneously documenting environmental conditions. ⋯ Children with disabilities accrue little PA at school. Increased PE frequency and lesson intensity, more PA opportunities during non-structured school time, and collaborations with home and community agencies are needed to reach PA recommendations.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2007
ReviewPhysical activity level and health-related quality of life in the general adult population: a systematic review.
Little is known regarding health-related quality of life and its relation with physical activity level in the general population. Our primary objective was to systematically review data examining this relationship. ⋯ Cross-sectional data showed a consistently positive association between physical activity level and health-related quality of life. Limited evidence from randomized controlled trials and cohort studies precludes a definitive statement about the nature of this association.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyThe pediatric residency training on tobacco project: four-year resident outcome findings.
To evaluate the efficacy of a special program for training pediatric residents to address tobacco. ⋯ The special training program, with Solutions for Smoking as its centerpiece, was found to be effective for training pediatric residents to address tobacco, and it may serve as a model for pediatric residency training programs. Ways of improving the program are discussed.